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Gum Arabic exudate was collected from Acacia Senegal trees around Zaria metropolis. The gum was hydrated in double strength chloroform water, purified in 95% ethanol and then washed with diethyl ether. Modification of the gum was performed with ethanol and Acetic anhydride. Densities of the samples were compared with that of the unmodified gum and it was found that both samples were less dense than the unmodified gum. From turbidity measurement, ethanol modified (EGL) gum appears more turbid than both acetic anhydride modification (AAN) and unmodified gum (PGM). In salinity, conductivity and TDS tests, AAN sample higher values than other samples. The melting point of EGL and PGM are only slightly different, 242oC and 245oC respectively while that of AAN was 229oC. The mechanical properties of the samples were measured using Honsfield Tensometer. The AAN sample has the highest modulus at 10, 20, 30 and 40% gum composition. For PGM the modulus drops from 10-30% gum composition then finally increases. The ACT modification shows decrease in modulus as the percent of gum increases. Modulus of PGM drops at 20, 40, 60 and 80% gum composition. It was found that the tensile strength of the chemical modification formulations reinforced the PVC matrix at 10%/90%, 20%/80% and 30%/70% gum/PVC compositions for AAN and at 10%/90% and 20%/80% gum/PVC compositions. Though EGL showed increase at 30%/70% composition, its tensile strength is similar to that of the unmodified gum (PGM), decreasing with increasing gum concentration.

Pyrano[2,3-b]quinolin-2-ones was synthesized by cyclic condensation of 2-chloro-3-formylquinolines with sodium acetate and acetic acid in microwave reactor. Microwave reactions are very inexpensive, operational simplicity, eco-friendly method and good yield in a very short reaction time. Unexpectedly, 3-formylquinolin-2(1H)-ones were exclusively formed in very high yield by changing the molar ratio of acetic acid and sodium acetate in just 1.5 to 2.5 min. The synthesized compounds were characterised by IR, NMR, and Mass Spectra.

This work deals with the elaboration and the physical characterization of thermally modified wood with boiling palm oil. The heat treatment consists of dipping successively the wood into two baths of oil, the first one at a temperature about 200°C for 30 minutes and the second at ambient temperature of 23°C. This resulted in important color changes of treated specimens. The wood species used for the study are Sapelli and Ayous, two Cameroonian hardwoods. A compared study of the physical properties of treated and untreated wood was made. Hygroscopicity of heat?treated wood has been tested. Samples were dipped in water and then kept in a room with a relative humidity of 65% and a temperature of 23 °C. The samples were periodically weighed over a period of 8 days. The conclusion was that during a short period the water permeability of heat?treated Sapelli was 70 per cent lower than that of normal dried Sapelli. The same result was found for Ayous. Heat treatment significantly reduces the tangential and radial swelling. The Specific gravity of heat treated wood was almost constant, but higher than that untreated wood. After an adequate treatment, the moisture content of these woods after dipping in water for a long time was less than 7%. It is therefore possible for these treated woods to be used outside without biological attack due to moisture. In addition, the dimensions of treated wood were almost constant.

In this study, we have demonstrated that haemoglobin can be coupled to acid-treated multiwall carbon nanotubes in the presence of 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and assembled as haemoglobin–carbon nanotube (Hb–CNT) composites. Our observations of the electrochemical studies demonstrate that the electrochemical response of Hb–CNT assembled in the presence of EDC is much higher than that in the absence of EDC. It is evident that the direct electron transfer of haemoglobin could be effectively accelerated in the Hb–CNT assembly by using EDC on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), and the relative electron transfer rate constant Ks is found to be 1.02 ± 0.05 s?1. The results of our studies illustrate that the assembly of haemoglobin–multiwall carbon nanotubes using EDC could provide a novel strategy to effectively facilitate the direct electrochemistry of heme-containing proteins, which could be further utilized as a promising biosensor for some specific biological substrate and related biological process.

Absorbed dose rate and annual effective dose estimated for occupational workers for Goldmines in Ghana that uses nuclear gauges in their operations and external ionizing radiation exposure during cargo radiographic inspections were measured as part of the authorization process for the use of ionizing radiations sources in Ghana. The measurements reported in this paper were made with portable radiation monitor which employed GM tube and was calibrated against secondary standard dosimetry system and a data for a five-year period (2010-2014) was compiled from the RAIS of the Ghana Radiation Protection Board. The average absorbed dose rate in air for Goldmine workers was 0.73µSv/h with an annual effective dose of 1.45 mSv while the average external radiation dose for workers and members of the public during cargo inspection was 0.23 µSv/h for Cobalt 60 scanners and 0.1 µSv/h for x-ray scanners and the annual effective dose for both workers and members of the public for Cobalt-60 and X-ray scanners were 0.46mSv and 0.2mSv respectively. It was concluded that the prevalent radiation levels did not pose any significant radiological health hazard to workers and members of the public.

In this work had be determine the ratio of the drift velocity to the diffusion coefficient W/D to calculate the motion of free electrons in air and helium gas. The following parameters of the electronic motion were determined as a function of the electric field strength E, apparent energy factor, K1 and Townsend energy factor, KT for Helium gas and air at 300?K and 288?K respectively in case of Maxwell and Druyvesteyn distribution law. The transport equation solved numerically to obtain the transport coefficients values and had be fed to the equations to calculate the above parameters. The gas parameters are obtained and compared with available experimental data.

Glomerulonephritis is a group of renal disorders in which the major injury involves the glomerulus rather than the tubules, interstitial tissue, or vasculature. In glomerulonephritis, there is remarkable variation in clinical appearance, disease etiology, management strategy and diagnosis. The prime intention of this review is to provide detail information about Glomerulonephritis; its genesis, etiology, epidemiology, symptoms and diagnostic parameter for identifying acute and chronic glomerulonephritis. This review article focuses on the major treatment which includes Allopathic and Ayurvedic medicine available for treating the conditions of glomerulonephritis. Apart from this it also provides information about precautions and home remedies which are available for the treatment of Glomerulonephritic syndrome.

Character recognition, usually abbreviated to optical character recognition or shortened OCR, is the mechanical or electronic translation of images of handwritten, typewritten or printed text (usually captured by a scanner) into machine-editable text. It is a field of research in pattern recognition, artificial intelligence and machine vision. Though academic research in the field continues, the on character recognition has For many document-input tasks, character recognition is the most cost-effective and speedy method available. And each year, the technology frees acres of storage space once given over to file cabinets and boxes full of paper documents. The objective of this paper is to identify handwritten characters with the use of neural networks. We have to construct suitable neural network and train it properly. The program should be able to extract the characters one by one and map the target output for training purpose. After automatic processing of the image, the training dataset has to be used to train “classification engine” for recognition purpose. The program code has to be written in MATLAB and supported with the usage of Graphical User Interface (GUI).

This article examines the potentials for developing health-based tourism in the state of Perak. The discussion begins on the distribution of hot springs frequented for various ailment treatments in Perak. The second part of the paper identifies and analyses challenges and opportunities for potential development of health based tourism in the state. Lastly, it discusses issues associated with developing policies promoting tour sites. Current global trends in tourism activities leads into increased domestic trips for short distance tourism. The fast changing lifestyles among state residents help increase awareness and concern for health care activities that utilise natural resources uniquely available in different hot spring parks. This situation increased competitiveness among tour locations. Each individual hot springs has the potential to market its own strengths and uniqueness by promoting the local content either based on natural resources or man-made physical attractions. In this context, marketing strategies must identify and emphasise strengths and characteristics of each location to stimulate increase in tourist return. Quality issues are also one of the main attractions to be considered in future global tourism policies. Using SWOT analysis, factors influencing site selection and priority development strategies based on place consumerism factual information, consumer perceptions and capacity of place, and future potential hot springs in Perak state as a health tourism destination will be evaluated and discussed.

Digital libraries are getting popularity among the users. On One hand they are giving opportunities to access information round the clock 365 days on the finger tips of the users but on other hand, users are not coming to libraries because access of information is available at their workplace, be it office or home. Even users can access digital libraries while they are on the way or driving, if they are connected to internet. But this is not a good sign for libraries, because the very purpose of establishing them is diminishing. Hence, there is a need to develop strategies to attract the users in digital libraries so that they come and make use of documents and other things in libraries. This paper attempts to discuss the present situation and possible solution to overcome the problem so that the users may come in libraries personally and use them.