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Coal is the major source of electricity in South Africa and a large volume of coal fly ash waste is generated by the thermal fired power stations which have become a serious environmental issue because of the problem of the disposal. The aim of this research is to assess the quality and beneficiation of the coal fly ash samples. The fly ash sample was characterized using analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The morphology of the fly ash is spherical and the XRD identified mullite, gypsum, magnetite, lime, quartz and hematite mineral phases. The elemental composition of the fly ash using XRF containing major elements: SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, while the minor elements are P2O5, SO3, MgO, NaO, TiO2, and V2O5. The result shows that the coal fly ash sample is class C ash with high pozzolanic properties that is suitable to be used for making concrete or cement.

Mucinous tubular and spindle cell renal cell carcinoma is a rare tumor described in the 2004 WHO classification as a new entity with an indolent clinical course. In this study, we report the case of a 60-year-old man with a large mass involving the upper pole of the left kidney. The patient underwent left radical nephrectomy. The histological findings showed it to be a mucinous tubular and spindle cell renal cell carcinoma of grade 1 of Fuhrman’s classification with hilar infiltration. Because of the favorable outcome of this histological entity, mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma must be differentiated from papillary renal cell carcinoma, especially from the variant with sarcomatoid dedifferentiation. The aim of this work is to draw the attention of pathologists and clinicians to this new entity, and the importance of its diagnosis for the patient’s prognosis.

The National Radioactive Waste Management Centre was established in June 1995. The Centre is responsible for all national radioactive waste safety operations in Ghana at its centralized waste management facility. It also aims at promoting research and development activities in radioactive waste management in Ghana. Despite the myriad of challenges confronting the centre in executing these mandates it is however, making giant strides in the safe management of radioactive waste in Ghana.

Two simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods (Method A& Method B) in the visible region have been developed for determination of Entacapone in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. Method A is based on Oxidation of Entacapone with Fe(III) under controlled experimental conditions followed by complex formation between Fe(II) and bathophenanthroline to give red colored complex which can be measured at 535 nm. Method B (p-nitroaniline) is based on electrophilic aromatic substitution to form brown colored complex which can be measured at 470 nm. The color obeyed Beer’s law in the concentration range of 2-10 ?g/ml for Method A and 10-50 ?g/ml for Method B respectively. When Pharmaceutical formulations (Tablets) containing Entacapone were analyzed, the results obtained by proposed methods are in good agreement with labeled amounts. Recovery in both methods was 98%-102%.

Prior knowledge about the presence of a plant pathogen in an infected plant material and natural reservoir is the first requirement for a successful disease management strategy. This becomes more crucial in case of quarantine pathogen like T. indica in order to alleviate unnecessary restrictions that prevent the movement of wheat across the globe and tells how this pathogen hinders the wheat trade of India. More over the potential risk of its dissemination in international wheat trade and germplasm exchange, there is a need for quick, sensitive, reliable and alarming method to identify T. indica to facilitate implementation of specific disease control strategies and for accurately selecting areas for quarantine. The detection of Karnal bunt (KB) is based primarily on the presence of teliospores on wheat seeds. However, accurate and reliable identification of T. indica teliospores by spore morphology alone is not always possible. Research based on genomic advances and innovative detection methods as well as better knowledge of the T. indica life cycle will facilitate their early and accurate detection, thus improving the sanitary status of cultivated plants in the near future. A new, novel, highly accurate molecular tests are emerging which help in surveillance of KB. This brief review will present the overview of classical and emerging T. indica detection and diagnosis assays and a repertoire of molecular diagnostic tools that can serve as a foundation stone for identifying and detecting T. indica inoculum load on multiple, rapid-cycling, real-time, PCR platforms both in vitro and in vivo conditions. This also provide an efficient way for disease surveillance and disease forecasting

The combined effects of thermal radiation and viscous dissipation on unsteady, laminar, free convective flow with heat and mass transfer over an incompressible viscous fluid past a non-isothermal vertical cone with variable surface temperature and concentration are considered in this article. The dimensionless governing equations of the flow that are unsteady, coupled and non-linear partial differential equations are solved by an efficient, accurate and unconditionally stable finite difference scheme of Crank-Nicolson type. The velocity, temperature and concentration fields have been studied for the effect of Eckert number (Ec), Prandtl number (Pr), radiation parameter (F), Schmidt number (Sc), buoyancy ratio parameter (N), semi vertical cone angle ( ), surface temperature power law exponent (n) and surface concentration power law exponent (m). The local skin-friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are also presented and analyzed graphically. It is observed that, when the radiation parameter increases, the velocity decreases close to the cone surface and an increase in Eckert number is observed to increase both velocity and temperature. The present results are compared with the available results in literature and are found to be in good agreement.

Onchocerciasis is the second leading cause of infectious blindness in the world after trachoma. A parasitic disease caused by a nematode specific to humans, Onchocerca volvulus, it is transmitted by the female black fly in places close to fast-flowing streams. This affection is serious by its ocular complications which earned him the name of river blindness. The World Health Organization estimates that 120 million people are exposed to onchocerciasis and about 18 million people are infected, of whom more than 99% live in intertropical Africa. Among them, 350 thousand are blind. The aim of our study is to determine the types of ophthalmological lesions in patients with onchocerciasis in the city of Inga in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Our series includes 100 patients, having benefited from a complete clinical examination and an ex-blood biopsy to confirm the onchocerciasis diagnosis. The prevalence in our study is 58%. The average age of our patients was 39.12 ± 15.71 years. We noted a male predominance with a sex ratio of 2.62. People working in fishing are the most affected by onchocerciasis, ie 44.85%. 27 out of 58 patients, ie 46.55%, benefited from mass treatment with Ivermectin. The lifespan of patients in the city of Inga was 24.71 ± 9.5 years. Ocular manifestations were 67.2%. The city of Inga is a known endemic focus for onchocerciasis (Prevalence 58%), ophthalmological manifestations are frequent in the city of Inga (67.2.%, 13.7% of blind people). The treatment of masses with ivermectin remains the only means of preventing the ophthalmological complications of onchocerciasis, hence the importance of good awareness-raising so that the population living in endemic regions participates in the treatment of masses.

Traditional economic production / order quantity (EPQ/EOQ) models make various simplifying assumptions in order to arrive at a closed form solution for the optimal lotsize in a production facility. The assumption of fixed unit cost in EOQ / EPQ models has also been tackled by many researchers. For example, Cheng (1991) formulated a problem where production cost is affected by both the product’s demand and the process reliability. Lee (1994), by formulating the unit cost on a function of the order quantity, took the economies of scale into account. Quality level of the product and specifications of the adopted manufacturing process also affect the unit product’s cost. Therefore, in this paper we consider a profit maximizing firm who wants to jointly determine the optimal lotsizing, pricing and marketing decisions along with manufacturing requirements in terms of flexibility and reliability of the process. The objective is to determine the optimal order lotsize to maximize the total profit by employing the type of fuzzy numbers which are triangular. We propose two fuzzy inventory model in which first model with fuzzy reliability level and second model with fuzzy reliability level and second model with fuzzy reliability and fuzzy economic production quantity (EPQ) is presented. For ech case we employ the signed distance, a ranking method for fuzzy numbers, to find the estimate of total profit per unit time in the fuzzy sense and then derive the corresponding optimal lotsize. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the results of proposed models.

The basic aim of this analysis is relationship between organizational justice and professional commitment in Kermanshah official organizations. Material and methods: This analysis is based on descriptive analysis and from survey branch. Information gathering means is questionnaire, and in order to organizational justice analysis Chester and Ted (2007) 20 scores questionnaire is used and for organizational justice Vallas . et al., (1999) 12 scores questionnaire is used. Organizational justice questionnaire stability was 0.81 and professional commitment stability was 0.89, so because of Coronbach a=0.7 so two questionnaires have necessary stability. Statically population volume is 660 subjects from official organization staffs. According to sampling ways we choose some rate between them so finally we collect 104 questionnaires. Findings: For determining acquired data Kolmogorov - Simonov test is used and results confirm data normality. Used test in this analysis are correlation spearman test, line regression test, T-test and Friedman test and with using related test confirmed research propositions; results shows that in the aim community with improving organizational justice and professional commitment in staffs is increased too, line-regression results between organizational justice and professional commitment shows that between inter organizational justice as a independent variable and professional commitment there is linearity relationship. From 3 dimension of organizational justice just interactional justice has potentiality in changes in dependent and independent variables, so this shows that interactional justice in organizations is very important. So according to ordering Friedman test between 3 dimension of justice organizational; interactional justice has higher mean and distributive justice has lower mean and procedural justice put in second order.

An analytical solution to the problem of an MHD oscillatory boundary layer flow past a porous horizontal plate with periodic suction is presented. The fluid in the boundary layer rotates about an axis normal to the plate with a uniform angular velocity. A magnetic field of uniform strength is assumed to be applied normal to the plate. The equations governing the flow and heat transfer are solved by regular perturbation technique assuming the solution to be consist of a mean part and a perturbed part. The expressions for the temperature fields, skin friction at the plate due to primary and secondary velocity fields and the rate of heat transfer from the plate to the fluid in terms of Nusselt number are obtained in non dimensional form. The dimensionless expressions for the amplitude and phases of the fluctuating parts of the skin friction, Nusselt number at the plate are also derived. The skin friction due to primary velocity and skin friction due to secondary velocity at the plate, the amplitude and phase of the fluctuating part of , the rate of heat transfer from the plate to the fluid in terms of Nusselt number and amplitudes and phases of the fluctuating parts of it are demonstrated graphically and the effects of the parameters M (Hartmann number), (rotation parameter)and A (suction parameter)on these fields are discussed.It is seen that M, ,A have significant effect on the flow and heat transfer characteristics.2000 Mathematics subject classification: 76W05