41. Organochlorine pesticides levels in fermented dried cocoa beans produced in Ghana
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Samuel Frimpong, Philip Yeboah, J. J. Fletcher, Dickson Adomako, Paul Osei-Fosu, K. Acheampong, Gustav Gbeddy, Israel Doyi, Courage Egbi, Samuel Dampare, John Pwamang |
Abstract |
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Category : Agricultural Sciences | Sub Category : Agriculture |
Organochlorine pesticides levels in fermented dried cocoa beans produced in Ghana
Organochlorine pesticides have been used on cocoa. These pesticides have been banned in Ghana, however due to their persistent nature and slow degradation rate, organochlorine pesticides can remain in the environment long after application and in organism long after exposure. The main objective of this study was to determine the levels of organochlorine pesticide residues in fermented dried cocoa beans produced in Ghana, using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Fermented dried cocoa beans were sampled at random in the two main cocoa storage warehouses located in Tema and Takoradi. The extraction method used consists of addition of distilled water to the pulverized cocoa beans samples, and allowed to stand for 15 minutes followed by maceration with acetonitrile. Extract clean-up then follows by solvent partitioning with aqueous phosphate buffer solution followed by two solid phase extractions; bond Elut C18 and Envi-carp superclean cartridges clean-up respectively. The investigated pesticides were beta-HCH, lindane, delta-HCH, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, gamma-chlordane, alpha-endosulfan, beta-endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate, p,p’-DDT, p,p’-DDD, p,p’-DDE and methoxychlor. The percentage recoveries ranged from 70-110 percent, with instrumental detection limits of 0.15µg/kg. The widest range of organochlorine pesticides detected was from endosulfan (1.0 – 103.0 µg/kg), which was previously registered for cotton production in Ghana.
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Importance of organic farming and their prospects in Ladakh
As we know that organic farming is the need of hour to feed the present population without eroding the health of soil and environment also to give sustainable agriculture this is one of best method for farming that’s why we should go for Organic Farming.
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Detection of total mercury in cotton matrix
Cryogenic homogenized cotton samples were tested for mercury traces with very low concentrations we used analysis technique namely Cold Vapor/ Isotope Dilution ICP-MS. Target element is listed in Öko-Tex Standards and it should be absent or less than 0.02 mg/kg in the tested cotton samples for baby, direct skin contact and decoration products. Due to the presence of Hg in a very low concentration we need to measure it with high accuracy and low uncertainty sources testing method. In this work a previously homogenized Egyptian cotton samples were tested for total content of mercury. These samples included cotton varieties represent extra long staple (Giza 70 and 88) and long staple (Giza 89). The measurements were made using isotope dilution cold vapor inductively coupled plasma- mass spectrometry (ID-CV-ICP-MS) with Carius tube digestion. The results showed that the tested homogenized cotton samples have very low concentrations that cannot be detected by many other mercury analysis techniques. Uncertainty budgets also estimated in this work for all samples.
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Adsorption of acenaphthene unto activated carbon produced from agricultural wastes
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Some believes about the birth and the new born (Case Study Lamerd City South of Iran)
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Identification and structural elucidation of linolenic acid in the ethanolic fruit extract of Cucumis Trigonus
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Seasonal Distribution of Halophilic Bacterial Population in Water and Sediment at Muthupet Mangrove, Tamilnadu
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Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of some novel Isoxazoles, Cyanopyridines and Pyrimidinthiones
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Attrition of Isfahani dialect: social class and age effects
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The examination of effective factors on the efficiency of vehicle industry manpower (manufacture) in long-time and privatization role of this industry on manpower efficiency in Iran
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