Archives-March 2022

Automobile industries have been considered in India is very largest sector across the globe. This sector involves large number of production involving the bikes and cars annually in order to fulfill their large population. This research paper examines the role of GST by study the benefits and challenges that imposed on the automobile sector. In this Study, 250 passenger car owners’ opinions are collected and analyzed by adopting descriptive research design methodology. The review paper highlights the analysis on the impact of GST which would bring changes in the indirect taxation system of India. This paper has shown the aspects of the automobile dealers for indirect taxation leading to pay the taxes at the specific time. The paper also involves the background and theory of GST and its impact on the automobile sectors in India along with certain repercussions.

The purpose of this study was to characterize plantain banana cropping systems on peasant farms near Kisangani, DR Congo. In order to achieve the expected results, a survey based on a semi-structured questionnaire was done among 60 farmers and banana fields. In addition to the interview with the farmers, a direct observation was also made in the fields of plantain banana in order to complete the information obtained from the farmers. The results obtained indicate that agriculture is the main survival activity and plantain banana rest the priority crop that takes place mainly in primary or secondary forests. For majority of plantain banana farmers, the fields are burned and occupy from 2 to 3 ha. In terms of types of cropping, polyculture is largely used by the majority of plantain banana producers and the plantain-maize, plantain-cassava and plantain-rice are the most frequent intercropping in the area. Compared to the field duration of plantain banana, the maximum time is 5 years and the techniques adopted by the farmers to maintain the plantain are regular maintenance of the field and destruction of diseased or attacked plants, maintenance of certain standing trees and accumulation of plant debris around the tuft.

Plantain banana are staple crops in DR Congo. These are superficially rooted monocot plants that require a continuous nutrient enrichment mechanism to maintain production, which decreases considerably after a few crop cycles. In burn agriculture, significant nutrient losses are recorded by various mechanisms. This research shows that cropping plantain banana in association with trees makes it possible to increase more not only the production of these on the unburned field in association with the trees, but also and above all to improve the yield of plantains in burned field in association with trees unlike burned cropping without the presence of trees where thirds of low yields are recorded.

The fungus X. badia was cultured on 3% aqueous malt enriched with 6% glucose in ten Thompson bottles for eight weeks. Solvent extraction with ethyl acetate and subsequent drying on a rotary evaporator, afforded a dark brown gummy solid (5.0 g). TLC studies indicated that the crude extract was a mixture of four components. The dark brown gum was chromatographed over silica gel in a column of size 80 cm x 2.5 cm. The column was eluted with toluene, ethyl acetate and acetic acid (50:49:1) and the eluent collected in volumes of 3.0 ml. Fraction 3 gave a yellowish oil (150 mg). The oil was triturated with n-hexane to give a white powdery solid (12 mg). The solid was recrystallized from the same solvent system, yielding white crystals (8 mg). Spectroscopic analysis of this compound indicated that it is R- mellein. This is the first report of this secondary metabolite from Xylaria badia.

Cytochalasin D is a cytotoxic compound used in cellular research and drug development. Cytochalasin D is produced from molds, often in mixtures which are difficult to purify. Yields from the synthesis of the compound are poor, hence the high cost of the cytotoxic compound. Static cultures of a group of endophytic fungi: were sub-cultured in 250 ml conical flask each for three weeks. Each of the endophyte culture was transferred into ten 2.0 dm3 Thompson bottles and allowed to grow for 8 weeks. TLC studies of the individual crude extracts indicated that the four mangrove endophytes produced the same compounds. The crude extract obtained from RAR 5-6 was dissolved in warm ethyl acetate and left overnight. A white solid (0.90 g) precipitated from the solution. The solid was removed by filtration and recrystallized from the same solvent to give pure cytochalasin D. The resulting filtrate was chromatographed on silica gel. Fraction 5 yielded a yellow viscous liquid (270 mg). This was triturated with alcohol and left to stand for 48 h to give white crystals, Spectroscopic analysis indicated that the compound was 5-carboxymellein. The production of pure cytochalasin D from these endophytic fungi could be a source of commercial production of this important cytotoxic compound.

Corrosion inhibition of ethanol stem extract of Costus lucanusianus (ESECL) was studied on mild steel and aluminium by weight loss method. The constituents of the extract identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) were forty one (41) compounds with 13-Octadecenal, (Z)-(14.39 %) and 9-Octadecenoic acid, 12-hydroxy-, methyl ester, [R-(Z)]- (11.49 %) as the major compounds. Weight loss method revealed that as the concentration of inhibitor increased, the corrosion rate decreased and inhibition efficiency increased. Maximum corrosion inhibition efficiencies of 91% and 85% were obtained in 1 g/l concentration at low temperatures for mild steel and aluminium, respectively. The adsorption followed physisorption mechanism. Positive values of ?H suggested that the process was endothermic, and negative values of ?S suggested a decrease in the disorderliness of the system from thermodynamic approach. The adsorption model showed that Freundlich adsorption isotherm was the best fit for the process.

Ureterosigmoidostomy has been widely used as a surgical urinary diversion technique. However, it can be the cause of many infectious, metabolic, or tumoral complications. We report a case of a patient who developed a rectosigmoid carcinoma at the site of a previous ureterosigmoidostomy after a long latent period.

Cerebral germinoma represents i0.1 to i3.4% of intracranial tumors with a clear male predominance, it is developed more particularly in the pineal region. iIt most commonly affects adolescents and young adults. This type of tumor responds highly to radio-chemo-therapy and is potentially curable after surgery.

It is very essential and important to test water before it is used for drinking, domestic, agricultural or industrial purpose. Water must be tested for different physico-chemical parameters. Selection of parameters for testing of water quality solely depends on the purpose for which the water is to be used and the extent of its quality and purity needed. Some physical tests should be performed for testing of its physical appearance such as temperature, color, odour, pH, turbidity and conductivity while chemical tests should be performed for its alkalinity, hardness and residual chlorine. The study was conducted to assess the physicochemical quality of water produced at the Kwanyako Water Treatment Plant in the Central Region of Ghana. Triplicate water samples were collected in sterile 500ml polypropylene bottles, from Raw, Settled, Filtered and Final water and examined for the physico-chemical parameters mentioned above, using the World Health Organzation (WHO) approved methods of analysis. The study was carried out for a period of 6 months (September, 2013 to February 2014). The values recorded for all the physico-chemical parameters were within the WHO acceptable limit except for the color and turbidity of the Raw water. This implied that, the water produced at the Treatment plant is efficiently treated with regards to the physicochemical parameters.

The implementation of free education in Democratic Republic of Congo is accompanied by an increase in the number of pupils in the classrooms, but a large number of teachers who are not mechanized or even not paid by the public authorities. This article deals with Internal Efficiency of Primary Schools in Kasuku Commune before and during free Basic education from 2018 to 2020.