Archives-May 2024

Domestic violence in Jamaica can be contextually understood through the lens of radical feminism and social learning theory. The theoretical underpinnings used in this study served to explain the patriarchal social structures, intergenerational transmission of intimate partner violence, and normalization of this behavior. This phenomenological study served to explore and examine the criminal justice system's support of victims of intimate partner violence and results indicated reforms to improve initiatives to eradicate this violent conduct. The data collection method was using semi-structured interviews of 12 lawyers in Jamaica, functioning in a legal capacity as prosecutors and family law practitioners, and analyzed using thematic analysis. The results indicated that the criminal justice system reduces the incidences of domestic violence through punitive measures and support via counseling, mediation, and protective orders. Although prosecutors were quick to dismiss domestic violence cases, victims were reported to be disillusioned with unreasonably long court delays, and violations of protection orders were leniently penalized. The findings indicated that broadly, law enforcement often did not consider intimate partner violence a criminal act, victims lacked privacy when reporting cases, and security checks were not undertaken before allowing victims to return to their attackers. The recommendation is for mandatory and ongoing gender-based violence training for law enforcement, the judiciary, and prosecutors. This study will contribute to existing knowledge and provide the criminal justice system stakeholders with evidence-based findings to transform responses to domestic abuse resulting in positive social change.

Phthalates are one of the more favoured plasticisers in polymer industries. The phthalic acid (benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid) diesters an artificial substance with a variety of industrial uses, generally known as phthalates. They are of two types: High molecular weight (HMW) phthalates, like DEHP[di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate], DnOP(di-n-octyl phthalate), and DiNP(di-isononyl phthalate), which are mainly employed in the manufacturing of flexible vinyl to make them more flexible and pliable, and then used to make goods, placemat and wall coverings, applications that come into contact with devices of medical and food. Low molecular weight (LMW) phthalates, those are use in varnishes and coatings, as well as some times releases medicinal preparations, fragrances, moisturizers, and cosmetics. DEP (diethyl phthalate) and DBP (dibutyl phthalate) are the examples of LMW type of phthalate. Exposure to phthalate esters has increased fear of the health and well-being of women. Several noxious exposures of phthalates have been shown to have an adverse impact on health. In the present scenario phthalates exposure has been recognized. However, among the overall human population women are one of the most vulnerable groups, which are often a victim of self-ignorance. Some of the major health issues frequently observed in women due to phthalate exposure are endometriosis, precocious puberty, hormonal disbalance, obesity etc. Although some studies are available concerning the effects of phthalate exposure on women yet major area remains unaddressed. The present review gives insight into the extent of work performed in the above area along with respective loopholes. Also, an attempt has been made to understand the proper mechanism given by simultaneous researchers throughout the globe. Moreover, the study will enable to help professionals in the field to regulate the extent of exposure along with highlighting the alarming situations as a result of phthalate usage and acquaintance.

A study on the influence of trampling on the biomass production of six Brachiaria ecotypes, namely Brachiaria decumbens cv Bazilisk; Brachiaria mulato; Brachiaria brizantha cv Xaraes; Brachiaria ruziziensis; Brachiaria brizantha cv Nioka and Brachiaria brizantha cv Piata at Nioka, was carried out to observe their production and identify those with an interesting resilience to the above-mentioned factor.The experimental set-up was that of randomized complete blocks comprising six treatments (six ecotypes mentioned above) and repeated three times. The six Brachiaria ecotypes were subjected to the trampling disturbance factor. The following parameters were measured: recovery rate and speed, tillering, biomass.After observation, the results were as follows:The highest biomass for this factor before and after trampling was obtained by B. brizantha cv Piata, while the lowest production was deplored in B. brizantha cv Nioka and B. mulato.