Archives-October 2018

Gastric MALT lymphoma is a low grade neoplasia of slow evolution with a very low metastatic potential. It is strongly associated with Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection. The clinical presentation is poorly specific and its endoscopic aspects are varied, hence the advantage of carrying out systematic per endoscopic biopsies. The endoscopic ultrasound allows to accurately assess the infiltration of lymphoma in the gastric wall. HP eradication is paramount in the management of this type of gastric lymphoma. We studied the endoscopic aspects of gastric MALT lymphomas through a series of 25 cases.

Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma is an undifferentiated carcinoma with histological features similar to undifferentiated, non-keratinizing carcinoma of the nasopharynx. Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the urinary bladder is uncommon with a reported incidence of 0.4%- 1.3% of all bladder cancer. We report a case of a 68 year-old-man with a muscle-invasive lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the bladder who was treated with radical cystectomy with 12 months follow up.

Isolated ischemia of the caecum is a rare condition, with only a few reported cases in the literature and most often manifested by pain in the right iliac fossa.The mode of revelation by occlusive syndrome is unique. With early medico-surgical management, the prognosis is relatively excellent.We report an original case of isolated ischemia of the caecum revealed by an occlusive syndrome.

Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (Cutaneous and digestive angiomatosis) is a vascular malformation that is not well known. The gastrointestinal lesions occurring during this syndrome are clinically more relevant than those of the skin and soft tissues. Adherence to standard surgical principles results in successful results with minimal morbidity.The diagnosis of Bean syndrome must be evoked in the presence of acute intestinal occlusion and angiomatous skin lesions.We report a particular case of this syndrome by its late revelation following a volvulus on a huge bowel vascular lesion, giving the opportunity to a review of the literature.

The forgetfulness of foreign body after digestive and abdominal surgery, despite its rarity, remains a real challenge. Justifying the reputation of textilomas known as being difficult to diagnose. Training is needed to try to reduce this rare but serious complication. We report a series of 5 cases of abdominal and digestive tract textilomas collected over a period of 5 years in the department of visceral surgery and oncology of Oujda university hospital, with review of the literature on this issue.

Leydig cell tumors (LCTs) represent less than 3% of all testis tumors; they concern the interstitial tissue of the testis and occur at any age. They are part of the group of tumors called "sex cords and stroma" with Sertoli cell tumors. Only 7 to 10% of these tumors are malignant and are almost always seen in adults. We report a case found in a 40-year-old adult with a left testis tumor treated with orchiectomy.The diagnosis of malignancy may be difficult to establish and may be beyond histopathological examination, hence the importance of regular long-term follow-up.

Mortality refers to the state or condition of being subject to death that occur within a population. It is a basic demographic component of population change. Mortality and its causes vary both in space and time due to the factors such as advancement in medicines, propagation of education, improvement of nutritional level and improvement in general conditions of sanitation. Many demographic studies have revealed that mortality levels vary with the racial characteristics since every ethnic society has their own culture, socio-economic background, and attitudes. Sri Lanka has a multi ethnic condition and the levels of mortality in such ethnicities are diverse from one to another. Main purpose of this paper is to identify the trends in CDR, NMR, IMR, CMR, ASDR and CSDR and causes for the mortality in Indian Tamil population in Osborn Estate in Nuwara-Eliya District after 1980s. Finding the causes for the prevailing trends and examination of current socio-economic and health situation in the estate are the minor objectives. Both primary and secondary data were used for this study. Mortality trends were analyzed by using relevant annual death reports from 1984 to 2012 collected from the Osborne Estate Hospital. Questionnaire survey was conducted to identify the socio-economic and health care situation in the estate with the help of 75 households those who were selected randomly from six divisions in Osborne Estate. Analysis was done with the help of SPSS 17.0, Minitab and Microsoft Excel 2010 computer tools. According to the trend analysis, downward trends were found for CDR, NMR, IMR and CMR and slight upward trend for ASDR in 15-30 age group and downward trend for ASDR in 60 + age group in the target population. Causes for the deaths have totally changed from 1984 to 2012 and specifically hypertension was found as the major cause for the general mortality in present day. Suicide is one of the major causes for deaths among youth population due to poor thinking. Advancement of health condition is the main reason for declining trend of child mortality in currently. The study suggests to draw an extensive attention to youth population and to conduct counseling programs in order to minimize the suicide cases. Increasing of workers’ wages is positive impact for improving their demographic condition further.

The presence of heavy metal residues in food products is a potential hazard to humans and animals as these metals cannot be degraded and stay permanently in the environment hence there is a need to ascertain the safety of these products for human consumption. The concentration of heavy metal residues in meat, milk and cheese were assessed in three locations in Ondo State. A total number of 120 animals (comprising 30 cows and 90 bulls) and 30 cheese samples were sampled for the investigation. The samples were digested with concentrated nitric acid and the resulting solutions were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) for lead, copper, zinc, cadmium and chromium. The result revealed that the concentration of each metal was significantly (P < 0.05) different due to the location. The results were compared with Maximum Recommended Limit (MRL) as set by FAO. The cadmium concentration in the kidney samples obtained from Owo has a mean concentration level of 1.23mg/kg, which is above those collected from Ondo (0.53mg/kg). However, Cadmium was not detected in kidney samples from Akure. Chromium concentration was high in kidney samples from Ondo and Owo with values of 1.11 and 1.21mg/kg respectively than those recorded in Akure (0.31mg/kg). The mean level of copper in skeletal muscle from Akure (3.17kg/kg) was higher when compared with the 2 other locations (Ondo 1.48mg/kg; Owo 1.82mg/kg). The mean concentration of lead in skeletal muscle (2.09mg/kg) and kidney samples (0.89mg/kg) were significantly higher than liver samples (0.78mg/kg). Of these skeletal muscle, kidney and liver samples, 100%, 46.7%, 73.3% exceeded the MRL by FAO respectively. For cadmium, the result showed that kidney samples of slaughtered cattle contained a mean value of 0.59mg/kg. Also, the concentration of zinc in skeletal muscle and liver of slaughtered cattle were 37.65and 50.55mg/kg out of which 36.7% and 43.3% exceeded the MRL by FAO for skeletal muscle and liver respectively. The mean concentration of chromium is higher in kidney samples (0.88mg/kg) than skeletal muscle (0.77mg/kg and liver (0.83mg/kg). Of these skeletal muscle, kidney and liver samples, 16.7%, 36.7%, 20% exceeded the MRL as set by FAO respectively. Copper mean concentration was higher in liver samples (20.57mg/kg) of which 100% of liver samples exceeded MRL by FAO. 

In the last two decades since the present political dispensation, Nigeria?s law enforcement system has faced challenges with reconciling the different and often conflicting native and western style of law enforcement in a magnitude that have never been seen before since independence 58 years ago. The citizens have felt disenchanted with the way and manner successive governments have managed to resolve the conflicts for the welfare of the generality, and this has exacerbated situation. Most Nigerians felt that past governments have ignored, and often fought against the effective, efficient, and widely used native law enforcement and social control systems. The official government?s position is hostile to the native law enforcement systems and has continued to date throughout Nigeria and indeed in some African countries. This paper argues that the criminal justice system in Nigeria should be redesigned to either reflect the centrality of the native systems in Nigerian lives or adopt correctly in form and substance the western style if Nigeria is to be a player in the comity of nations in this 21st century.

Criminal law as accepted by all legal scholars and practitioners deals with wrongs against society, their proper investigation, prosecution, litigation and the defense of the person accused. It is a body of rules and statutes that defines conduct prohibited by the government because it threatens and harms public safety and welfare and it establishes punishment to be imposed for the commission of such acts. Others state that it is the body of law that defines conduct prohibited by the state (because the state thinks such conduct is socially injurious) and sets the penalties for such conduct. For an effective implementation of modern criminal laws in Nigeria, it becomes necessary for a modern criminal procedural law to be enacted as a body of law that accompanies the accused hence in common law countries the justice system is adversarial in nature. This system of justice is where the accused is presumed innocent until proven guilty and so certain safeguards have to be met such as (among others) hearing the other party out, making sure that the judge does not have a stake in the case, and that the legal process is conducted in a proper manner so as not to prejudice the accused. This writer presents the development of the Nigerian criminal law in consonant with the innovations in the criminal procedure law enacted under the Administration of Criminal Justice (ACJ Act 2015).