Archives-October 2013

The styloid process is a sharp, slender, elongated pointed bone just below the ear. It extends downwards, forwards and medially. Normal length of styloid process is 2-3 cm. If it exceeds more than 3 cm it is called as elongated styloid process. Several variations in the length of styloid process have been reported. Sign and symptoms produce by elongated styloid process is known as Eagle’s syndrome which is characterized by severe pain in the throat, side of the face and ear. This may be classified as an entrapment syndrome which deserves the attention of the neurosurgeons, ENT surgeons, orofacial surgeons and physicians. The aim of this case report was to familiarize neurosurgeons, ENT surgeons with Eagle’s syndrome, its diagnosis, workup and management. In this case, we found an unusual case of long styloid process with ossification of stylohyoid ligament on the right side. Total length of the process from the base to the apex was 5.6 cm on the right side while on the left side it was normal in length i.e. 2.5 cm.

This study attempts to reinterpret language learning motivation through applying the new theory of the L2 Motivational Self System by Dörnyei (2005, 2009), which has not received due attention and consideration in the context of foreign language. The overriding aim guiding this research was to empirically examine how three main components of the mentioned theory, namely, the ideal L2 self, the ought-to L2 self and the L2 learning experiences, were related to the motivated learning behavior among elementary and advanced EFL learners. The study was designed using a mixed methods approach, with a primary quantitative research instrument being supported by secondary qualitative data. The main quantitative instrument was an attitudinal questionnaire conducted among 142 elementary and advanced EFL learners in both sexes, in two English language institutions in Isfahan, Iran. The qualitative data was collected from a set of interviews with a total of 8 female learners of English in the same places. Analysis of the achieved data provided convincing support for four claims. Firstly, the findings confirmed that the Dörnyei’s (2005, 2009) L2 Motivational Self System can be validated in the Iranian context. Second, the ideal L2 self and L2 learning experiences represented a significant relationship with motivated learning behavior in both groups, while the relation between ought-to L2 self and motivated learning behavior was significant but weak in case of elementary, and non-significant in case of advanced students. Third, the research found that among the three dependent variables, the L2 learning experiences had the most significant relationship with L2 motivation than the other two. Finally, it was shown by the achieved data that the L2 learning experiences and the ought-to L2 self were considerably higher for elementary students, whereas the ideal L2 self was fairly the same for both groups.

In this paper, we study some of the properties of (Q, L)-fuzzy ideal of a ring and prove some results on these.

Akaike information criterion, AIC is widely used for model selection. The AIC as the estimator of asymptotically unbias for the second term Kullbake-Leibler risk considers the divergency between true model and offered models. The AIC, is an inconsistent estimator. In this article the proposed approach the problem the inconsistency of AIC, it is the use of consistent offered information criterion, called M1IC (Masumeh information criterion). At the end of these two information criteria of model selection of classic and linear models have been considered by the simulation of Monte-Carlo.

Solar energy is an economical alternative for today’s energy demand in comparison with other energies. Solar air heater is used for heating the air which in turn is used for drying the agricultural products. The objective of this paper is to design, develop and perform a detailed experiment and analyze the solar assisted drying system (SADS) for drying tealeaves. Green tealeaves plucked directly from the plantations are soaked in warm water for few minutes. Water is drained out; wet leaves are dried using the SADS consists of drying chamber maintained at a temperature of 55°C and pressure of 3Kg/cm2 through solar collectors. The initial weight of the green tea leaves is of 100 gms, which is reduced to 38gms in an hour.

Human life in society is a function of several factors and its quality among various styles is thinking worthy. Definitely student life in Iran has said it has its own style. Separation from family and join them together with the stresses of student life style is one of their alienation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of social self-alienation among students of Islamic Azad University branch of Shoushtar with the survey method done in 2012. The results were analyzed using SPSS. The results of the present study also shows a significant relationship between the variables of social distance with social institutions, the media, socio - economic, parental age, gender and level of self-discipline and social alienation.

It can be noted that music is a product born of mankind. Music has emerged wherever he stepped. There are few places in the social conditions of the modern world that music is not there and the less time occurs that music has no effect. By this definition, a similar definition can be argued that the social function of music is undoubted. In so doing of social music, music- sociology as an incipient science examined the relationship between society and music to survey the relationship between music and sociology and vice versa. The evolutionary history of science suggests that sociology of music is born of musical knowledge and culture discussions. In this paper by using descriptive- library method and credit documents as a tool to check is to evaluate what is the sociology of music. What this paper has been to study the sociology of music: introducing subjects such as nature of art, history of music, defining sociology of music, goals of sociology of music and surveying of the next generation of research on the sociology of music.

Participation is a phenomenon that has long been associated with the evolution of human life, but in the 1950s and 1960s, when imported programs from the West to developing was failed because of lack of people participation, regarding to this phenomenon and emphasis on its role as an agent of development was increased and after that, the foundation of development strategies, community participation approach was formed as a basic human need. Regarding to the importance of the topic in this research by using field method, techniques and survey questionnaire sought answers to this question” Social and cultural factors involved in the construction of mosques and religious site, what are people? Given the importance of social and cultural factors involved in the construction of mosques and popular religious site in this study to analyze the relationship between variables such as socio-economic status of family, religion, social trust, sex, age, and education as independent variables and relationships it was a turnout as the dependent variable. The results indicate that among all the independent variables with the dependent variable, there was a direct and significant relationship.

The main aim of this study has been to assess the variability of groundwater parameters to develop water quality of Sanayapalem area. The ground water is a major source for irrigation in many arid and semi arid regions of India. A total of 30 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for major cations and anions. The parameters like sodium absorption ratio (SAR), percent sodium, potential salinity, residual sodium carbonate, non carbonate hardness, Kelly’s ratio, permeability index, indices of base exchange and Gibbs ratio were also calculated. Major ionic relationships indicate that weathering reactions have significant role in the hydrochemical processes of the groundwater system. Hydrogeochemical processes controlling the water chemistry are rock- water interaction. Various determinants such as Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Percent Sodium (Na %), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), and Kelley’s Ratio revealed that most of the samples are suitable for irrigation.

This study was designed to investigate the quality of Victoria 1500 and 2000 capsules a herbal medication that contain ginseng (major components Rg1&Rb1), royal jelly (marker component is 10-hydroxydec-2-enoic acid (10-HDA)) and yohimbine. The study include determination of major components content, long term stability, determination of elements , studying the microbiological contamination, detection of pesticides residues and mycotoxins. The drugs were stored under different simulated climatic conditions. The reaction rate constant (K), the half-life (t1/2) and the activation energies were calculated for ginsenosides Rg1 &Rb1. The activation energies were found to be 10.99 and 10.2( k.cal.mol-1 ) for Rg1 &Rb1respectively. The % content of Rg1, Rb1 and 10-HDA of Victoria1500 &2000 capsules after six months storage were found at the lower specifications limit (80-120% of stated amount). For yohimbine were found within allowable limit(90-110%). Studies on the elemental composition confirmed absence of toxic heavy metals. The capsules were found to be free from Microbiological contamination and any pesticide residues. The mycotoxins content were found to be within the allowable limits(800-4300ng/kg). Victoria 1500&2000 capsules were found to comply with the given specifications up to six months storage, thereafter, the samples showed physical &chemical instability with a decrease in Rg1,Rb1 and 10-HDA contents but without effect on yohimbine content.