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Nitrate contamination of drinking water has become a massive public health concern since excessive nitrate concentrations are found to cause several health disorders. The present study was undertaken to investigate the nitrate levels in the groundwaters of Bellandur during the pre- and post-monsoon periods of 2017, compare the analysis results with the drinking water standards as per the Bureau of Indian standards (BIS) and assess the potential risk to human health by evaluating by using the Hazard Index (HI) with respect to nitrates. This was achieved by subjecting 30 groundwater samples each, collected from the study area, during the pre and post monsoon seasons. The analysis results reveal that 53.33% of the samples contain nitrate in excess of 45 mg/l, the maximum allowable limits of drinking water laid down by BIS. The hazard index (HI) was evaluated by computing the Chronic Daily Intake (CDI). Results reveal that 14 samples in the post-monsoon and 12 samples in the pre-monsoon have a hazard index greater than unity (1), which indicates a high level of risk due to nitrate exposure in the groundwater endangering the respondents due to excessive nitrate concentrations in the groundwater.

A Steady State Mass Balance method (SSMB) in all different forms was used to calculate the critical load of sulphur and nitrogen for soil. The present load of sulphur (161.1 Eq ha-1 yr-1), nitrogen (49.9 Eq ha-1 yr-1) and ammonium (176.8 Eq ha-1 yr-1) were calculated from wet and dry deposition from Agra region. The values of critical load of sulphur and nitrogen for soil with respect to wheat (Triticum vulgaris), maize (Zea mays), rye (Triticale), potato (Solanum tuberosum), lemon (Citrus argentifolium), anjan grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) and bajra (Pennisetum typhoides) were calculated.The values of actual acidity calculated were lower than the values assessed by the RAINS-Asia model of this area. It has been concluded that chloride also plays an important role in the acid deposition which changes the value of critical load significantly.

In this study effect of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on performance, emission and combustion of a single cylinder, four stroke spark ignition are investigated. EGR is one of the most effective means of reducing NOx emissions from IC engines and is widely used in order to meet the emission standards. In the present work, experimental investigation has been carried out to study the performance, emission and combustion characteristics by exhaust gas recirculation in a SI engine using various catalytic coatings and different EGR flow rate. Experimental results show that NOx emissions were reduced when the engine was operated with cooled EGR. The maximum NOx reduction for copper coated engine with 10% EGR is about 45 % lower than standard engine. The other catalytic coatings like chromium and nickel shown the NOx reduction of 7 % and 4 % lower than standard engine.

Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Perineal manifestations are a marker for disease severity. Anal strictures result from fibrotic scarring after several inflammatory attacks and are responsible for impaired quality of life. The aim of our work is to study the epidemiological profile and the management of these lesions. This is a descriptive retrospective study over a 17-year period from January 2002 to January 2019, concerning a monocentric cohort of 1053 cases of Crohn's disease. 22 patients had anal stricture, a prevalence rate of 2.08%. The main symptoms were painful passing of stools in all patients, emission of pus in 12 patients (54.5%) cases, imperiosity in 5 patients (22.7%), abdominal pain in 10 patients (45.4%) and an Obstructed defecation syndrome in 3 patients (13.6%). Penetrating phenotype B3 and the colonic localization L2 were the most frequent. Pelvic MRI confirmed anal stenosis in all patients, associated with complex fistulas, PARKS grade 4 in 18% (n = 4) cases. The treatment of the stenosis consisted of finger dilatation in 21 patients (90%), associated with dilation by Hegar dilatators in 63.6% (n = 14) cases and by balloons in 31.8% (n = 7) cases; the stenosis biopsy revealed squamous cell carcinoma in only one case, 4.5%. The medical treatment for CD was based on immunosuppressants in 72.7% (n = 16) cases, anti TNF in 18.18% (n = 4) cases, and Combination therapy in 9% (n = 2) cases. The prevalence of anal strictures in our study remains low compared to literature series; these are young women with LAP, a Penetrating phenotype and pancolitis.

The electrochemical polarographic analysis of complex of Re (II) complex with the ligand 1-{3-[2-Amino-5-(5-hydroxy-5H-imidazol-4-ylmethanesulfonyl)-benzyloxy]-4H-pyrazol-4-yl}-ethanone were analyzed and it found that ligand forms 1:2 complex with Re(II) in between pH of alkaline range between 7.4-8.6. The logarithm value of stability constant of 1:2 metalis 14.9and the entropy and free energy observed at -78.69 and -43.48 respectively.

The ligand, 4-butanoyl-3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazol-5-one (HBPy) and its complexes with Mn (II), La (III), Zr (III), V (V) and W (VI) were tested for antibacterial activity relative to streptomycin and penicillin antibiotics. The filter paper scraps diffusion method was used. The compounds were screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against G(+) Staphylococcus aureus, G(+) Hay bacillus and G(-) Eschericha coli. It could be observed from the results that the antibacterial effect of the Mn(BPy)2.2H2O and the VO2(BPy).HBPy complexes were similar to that of penicillin against the two G(+) strains. The other three complexes also had such antibacterial activity, but a little weaker than that of penicillin. The test data also indicated that streptomycin was intermediately effective against G(+) Hay bacillus. The five complexes at a concentration of 2 ?g/disc, showed antibacterial activity against G(+) Hay bacillus comparable to that of streptomycin with a concentration of 10 ?g/disc. The ligand and its complexes showed none or much weaker antibacterial activity compared to penicillin and streptomycin against G(-) Eschericha coli. It is therefore concluded that the metal complexes studied are potent against the Gram-positive bacteria studied; hence the compounds have great potentials in the exploration of new chemotherapy agents.

Android has the biggest market share among all Smartphone operating system. The number of devices running with the Android operating system has been on the rise. By the end of 2012, it will account for nearly half of the world's Smartphone market. Along with its growth, the importance of security has also risen. Security is one of the main concerns for Smartphone users today. As the power and features of Smartphone’s increase, so has their vulnerability for attacks by viruses etc. Perhaps android is more secured operating system than any other Smartphone operating system today. Android has very few restrictions for developer, increases the security risk for end users. Antivirus Android apps remain one of the most popular types of applications on Android. Some people either like having that extra security or just want to be extra cautious just in case and there is nothing wrong with that. In this list, we’ll check out the best antivirus Android apps and anti-malware apps on Android! The efficiencies of these applications have not been empirically established. This paper analyzes some of the security tools written for the Android platform to gauge their effectiveness at mitigating spyware and malware.

This paper examines the process of how the local universities in Malaysia are and were trying to change their roles in the Malaysian economy in order to respond to this current development as well as the globalization of the knowledge economy. This study intends to explore the dimensions of entrepreneurial university in Malaysia and develop questionnaire to test the entrepreneurial intensity of local universities in Malaysia. In aspiring to achieve the status of a fully developed nation by 2020, tertiary education in Malaysia has been targeted to grow on its own by becoming more entrepreneurial and self-reliant. There is an urgent need for the shift from the traditional model of the universities to the new “entrepreneurial” model. The new entrepreneurial model for public universities in Malaysia is expected to be different from the universities in the advanced economies due to several reasons. The reasons include more rigid bureaucratic control by the government, emphasis on homegrown innovation and lack of commercialization demand and ability. Six main theoretical models of entrepreneurial universities were identified and in each one, there are elements or characteristics associated with the inputs as can be found in Morris’s Input-Output Perspective theoretical framework. This model will be use to measure the entrepreneurial intensity in the context of education institutions as an organization. Dimensions of entrepreneurial university in Malaysia will be explored through expert survey employing Delphi Method. Instruments to measure the entrepreneurial intensity of public universities will then be developed. This will be used to appraise the entrepreneurial intensity of the public universities in Malaysia.

The major (K, Mg, Cl, Ca and Na) and minor (Mn, Fe, Cr, Co, Cu and Br) elemental concentrations in different parts of Graviola (Annona Muricata) fruit including the fruit fibres, fruit cover, seed, fruit juice and seed cover were determined using instrumental neutron activation analysis. Their concentrations were found to vary in the various fruit parts. The elements Br, Ca, Cl, K, Mg, Mn and Na were recorded in all the various fruit parts. The highest concentrations recorded were K in the fruit cover (1.43±0.03%), fruit fibre (1.46±0.09%), fruit juice (2.28±0.15%) and seed (0.55±0.06%). In the seed cover however, Ca recorded the highest concentration of 0.25±0.02%. Chromium was below the detection limits of INAA in the fruit cover, fruit fibre and fruit juice. Copper and Fe were below detection limits in the fruit juice and seed cover respectively. The presence of Ca, Mg, Na, K, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Br, Cl and Mn reflects the function of the Graviola fruit as a source of essential nutrient elements. Therefore, the Graviola fruit becomes important in view of the fact that their regular consumption might help the body to attain the required levels of these essential nutrient elements.

Today, one of the problems of managers is information security in the organizations and ways of struggling with those penetrating into the organization. Social engineering technique is one of the ways of access to organizational information through vulnerable behaviors of human beings. This article tries to determine the most important criteria by assessing effective social engineering criteria in the organization in DEMATEL method. At first, views of the experts have been used in order to select effective criteria and then a structure based on theory of graphs was formulated on the basis of experts’ judges and a mathematical model has been obtained with regard to relations, manner and intensity of effect and their interactions. Finally, determination of criteria importance helps the managers make decisions and do correct management in the organization.