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In the present study, a simple and convenient synthesis of CaAl2O4 nanoparticle was reported. The static renewal bioassay was conducted to determine the lethal toxicity of CaAl2O4 nanoparticle and sublethal exposure reveals the effect of nanoparticle on the haematology and biochemical parameters of the test species Cyprinus carpio. The acute toxicity (96hrs LC50) of CaAl2O4 NPs was observed between 25- 225ppm. As a novel attempt, our study showed the impact of CaAl2O4 nanoparticles in acute toxicity and biochemical parameters of freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio.

The aim of this research is to create the portfolio of efficient companies using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique to gain a return beyond the average return of market. For this purpose, input-oriented and output-oriented models were used under constant returns to scale (CCR) and variable returns to scale (BCC). Also, in this research the hypothesis “the portfolio composed of small companies has a better performance than the average of industry” was discussed. The results of the research indicate that in case of using CCR method, it is not possible to gain a return beyond the average return of market; however, it is possible to do so if BCC method is used. The performance of the portfolio created using this method was also appropriate. In the end, the portfolio composed of small companies had the return beyond the average return of market and had an appropriate performance.

Ignoring sustainable basis of Iran's traditional architecture and different factors which affect it caused many parts of the forgotten structures to be destroyed. Although all the phylosephical and religious elements which are water, air, light, and soil have been used in the best way in the traditional architecture of Iran's city, aerodynamics and hydrolics from wind and water were the most employed useful energies, which were very efficiently used in the windmills and watermills, in Iran' traditional architecture. The type of materials, structural techniques, and elements, which were used to keep these structures firm, were of high quality to sustain in the environment and they could adapt the man-made structures to the beautiful environment, in comparison with the existing materials. In addition, they could preserve the environment goodness. Windmills, which were built to benefit from 120-day winds of Sistan Province, are of the best examples of using natural powers. Some of the Iran's windmills are as old as 2800 years. Also, some historians consider the watermills to be around 1700 years old. The watermills can only be found in a limited number of areas, as their rotation require powerful and continuous flow of a river like Dez River. The method of the current research is of descriptive-analytical type. Data gathering was done in libraryand fieldwork methods. Following the study of the history of different windmills and Dezfoul watermills, we investigated the quotations from tourists, the books which have been remained from that time, and the belief of indigenous people to find the place, application, and the architecture of these wind and water mills. At the end, we concluded that the recognition of such examples of architecture can be a guide to build a comfortable environment, which is in harmony with the existing global organization. Thus, the values of traditional architecture and the traditions of environmental values of Iran's architecture have the potentiality to make an efficient use of energy and to reap reward from the ecological powers, specifically sustainable and harmless energy. For this reason, some examples of windmills and watermills were studied and their architectures were invesitigated. To preserve such precious historic remnants can be a center for attracting tourism and can bethe signs of cultural, articstics, and historical progress of a nation, which express its creativity and adaptability to nature in an excellent way.

Water in India is primarily a state subject. Water is the main part of our life. It is a fact that if water is used there will be waste. So the waste water generation will never stop. In construction industry concrete being the most widely construction material used, uses most of the water. In construction industry water is used for mixing, aggregate washing, curing of concrete and for washing concrete related mechanical machines. Also water is used for domestic purposes. So as said above when we use water, waste water is produced. And due to this waste water there is a great environmental impact.The present work deals with the results of experimental investigations on waste water used in concrete. Effect of these different types of waste water on various strengths of concrete are studied. Various strengths considered for investigation are compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile. Cube of size 150 mm for compressive strength, beams of size 100 mm X 150 mm X 700 mm for flexural strength, Cylinder dia 150 mm and 300 mm length for Split tensile strength were cast. Results were observe and comparison of results of concrete with that of water showed the significant improvements in the results of various strengths like as compressive strength, flexure strength and splitting strength with different types of waste water.

The purpose of this research was to find out the actual reasons behind turnover in commercial banks in the county of Mombasa and its damaging effects on the productivity of banks in Kenya. Commercial Banks play a very big key role in controlling the economic activity of a country, as the Central Bank of Kenya implements monetary policy with the help of commercial banks. Collectively, Kenya?s banks contribute more than Ksh.1.2 billion every year through their social investment programmes (corporate social responsibility). Moreover, as one of the largest contributors to tax revenue in Kenya, the banking industry directly impacts the country?s economic development, including the key sectors of education, health, transport, energy, communications and agriculture. The industry is most certainly a force for good that strikes the balance between growth and positive impact. Commercial banks in Kenya today are facing a high employee turnover which can prove costly in this sector. Due to this turnover the organization results in loss of production and an increase in the recruitment costs. Literature review looked into two theories that informed the study i.e. Maslow Hierarchy of Needs and System Theory. Empirical review highlighted Factors Determining Staff Turnover in Organization, Effects of Employee Turnover and Banking Industry in Kenya a conceptual framework was proposed to guide the study. The primary objective of this study is to determine the factors that determine staff turnover within the commercial banks and how it affects staff performance.

Adverse birth outcomes, comprising low birth weight, maternal mortality, infant mortality, premature births, and stillbirth continue to pose a serious challenge in Kenya. Although a number of factors influencing adverse birth outcomes have been documented, not much is known on the factors contributing to adverse birth outcomes in Kibra. The main objective of this study was to assess the factors influencing adverse birth outcomes in Kibra. The specific objectives were: to identify the socio-demographic; obstetric emergencies that contribute to adverse birth outcomes; and to determine the health facility factors that contribute to women’s vulnerability to adverse birth outcomes. The study used a cross sectional research design and targeted women of reproductive age (15-49). Purposive sampling was used to select the study site and simple random sampling was used to select the 384 study participants in households. Data from the households was collected using questionnaires. Key informant interviews on health facility in-charges was used to provide additional information. Data was presented using tables, graphs and cross tabulations. Chi-Square and logistic regression was used to assess the statistical association between variables. Findings showed that casual laborer’s had significant association with adverse birth outcomes (still births) [OR= .159, 95% CI (.031, .816), p<0.05] (Pre-term births) [OR= 2.789, 95% CI (1.37, 5.67), p<0.05. Self-employment had significant association with adverse birth outcomes (still births) [OR=.169, 95% CI (.031, .929), p<0.05], (Pre-term births) [OR= 2.163, 95% CI (1.11, 4.22), p<0.05]. Respondents without education were associated with high adverse birth outcomes [pre-term births] [OR=.235, 95% CI (.069, .831), p= 0.021]. The respondents who had miscarriage in previous pregnancies were more likely to experience adverse birth outcomes [Preterm births] [OR=3.89, 95% CI (2.06, 7.39) p=0.000] still births [OR=2.09, 95% CI (1.44, 5.84) p=0.000], low birth weight [OR=3.24, 95% CI (1.74, 6.05) p=0.000] and neonatal death [OR=3.39, 95% CI (1.63, 7.03) p=0.000]. Respondents who attended the public health facility had higher risk of experiencing adverse birth outcomes [Still births] [OR= 3.500, 95%CI (1.24, 9.86), p-value =0.018]. Findings from the study will be used to inform local interventions to reduce adverse birth outcomes.

Electricity power distribution networks are sometimes disturbed by a phenomenon known as ferroresonance. Causes, effects and remedies of ferroresonance are discussed in this paper. It is a nonlinear resonance in transformers which occurs during switching operations and lightning on networks containing inductors, capacitors and iron core materials that easily saturates. Overvoltages, overcurrents and distortions results’, causing overheating, damage to equipment, transformers and sometimes explodes. Difficult to predict, hence, in solving its problems, no mathematical solution is applicable yet. However, theoretical principles, simulations and measurements are commonly adopted. Secondary sources were used and the paper undoubtedly shall guide designers, manufacturers of transformers and operating personnel to ensure equipment longevity and safe operations for effective service delivery.

The hepatic localization of hydatid cysts classically occupies the first place in adults and alone accounts for approximately 2/3 of all hydatid localizations Hepatic hydatidosis is a reputedly benign disease, but can become serious at because of its complications. The most common complication is fistulization of the cyst in the bile ducts which constitutes a turning point in the evolution of the disease and which risks involving the life-threatening Our case is about a rupture of KHF in the bile ducts complicated by cholangitis in a patient admitted for treatment of severe sepsis on cholangitis

The plant family Boraginaceae worldwide distributed and its contained 145 genera. Carolus Linnaeus described the Cordia genus in the format of Cordia L., Sp. Pl. 1: 190 (1753). The genus Cordia L. (Boraginaceae) is a medicinally important taxon. The first species of Cordia dichotoma G. Forst. has been used for the treatment against fever, ulcers, dyspepsia, ringworm, etc. It has also been reported for its activities such as analgesic, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory actions. Another second species, C. sinensis Lam., which is endemic to the northern Western Ghats, is a potential medicinal plant and is presumed to have similar biochemical activities. Since the species is consumed mainly in the crude form, it is difficult to establish the identity based on only leaf or stem characters. A comparative study has been carried out to authenticate the identity of these two species based on foliar anatomical characters. The anatomical sections of a leaf (TS), and petiole (TS) of both the species were observed under the bright-field microscope, and characters were documented. Though the diagrammatic outline of the leaf sections is similar, detailed anatomical characters are significantly different. The structure and number of the trichomes are observed abaxial and adaxial sides of the leaves. The trichomes were also found to be useful characters for identification. In the case of leaf, the number and arrangement of vascular bundles, arrangement of collenchyma at the lower epidermis, palisade cells, and distribution of storage cells are the major characters to differentiate both species. During the study, we also observed the detailed characters of the cuticular layer, trichomes, and stomatal characters. Rananculious type stomata and the presence of cystoliths in the basal cell of the trichome are the common characteristics observed in both species. On the basis of the primary study, the species can be differentiated based only on foliar anatomical characters. 

Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) exist to satisfy human needs, which are unfulfilled by other social, economic and political institutions. Business sector avoids operations in those areas where it suffers loss while public sector does not have access due to its financial limitations or other priorities like defense building, regional and international politics. However, NGOs in developing world are growing quickly in numbers and areas, but to a large extent, their potentials are still unutilized because of funding limitations, their own institutional weakness and governments’ skepticism towards the role of NGOs. This paper discusses the fund raising techniques for NGOs on financial autonomy and alternative grant making as well as self-financing possibilities.