Physiology and Anatomy

The foreign bodies of the oropharynx constitute a frequent emergency in the child. Management assumes a general rule that any foreign body that has penetrated through the natural pathways can be extracted by the same routes. The particularity of this foreign body and the difficulties encountered during its extraction.a 6-year-old girl admitted to take charge of a foreign body. This is a pen hat trapped in the para-pharyngeal space, examination of the oral cavity finds the extremity Distal of the cap of the visible hat through a 1 cm wound between the left lateral wall of the oropharynx without active bleeding, CT showed the foreign body enclosed in the left parapharyngeal space and which came into contact with l. The vascular axis of the neck without vascular lesions. The extraction was difficult since the hat was hung like a hook under the mucosa. It was performed under general anesthesia by the natural route.

Fusiform cell lipomas are rare adipocytic tumours characterized by proliferation of mature adipocytes and fusiform cells; we report the case of a 59-year-old patient who received surgical removal from a left cervical tumor whose anatomopathological examination returned in favor of a fusiform cell lipoma.

Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome is a rare entity characterized by hemi cerebral atrophy/ hypoplasia secondary to brain insult in fetal or early childhood period. We present a case of a 10-month-old girl, presenting since 5 months right sided body weakness and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Brain MRI revealed hemicerebral atrophy of the left hemisphere with dilated ventricles on the same side, cerebral infarction, elevation of the sphenoid wing and petrous temporal bone, and slight calvaria hypertrophy.

Thyroid hormones play a major role in the metabolism, growth and development of the human body. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is diagnosed when peripheral thyroid hormone levels are within normal reference laboratory range but serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels are mildly elevated. The pathogenesis of SCH in the development of coronary artery disease has been the subject of several studies whose results remain contradictory. We report the case of a 50-year-old women admitted for complete atrioventricular block secondary to an acute coronary syndrome of lower topography whose exploration revealed subclinical hypothyroidism.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a widespread and advancing condition that disrupts renal function, yet its influence extends beyond the kidneys. In this article, we investigate the complex interplay between CKD and the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), highlighting the often overlooked and diverse digestive disorders that affect CKD patients. We conducted a study involving 506 CKD patients admitted between January 2008 and January 2024. Our findings revealed that 89% of these patients experienced various gastrointestinal symptoms, with upper GI bleeding and vomiting being the most prevalent. These symptoms could stem from the accumulation of urea and metabolic waste products or from dialysis-related effects. Endoscopic examinations uncovered abnormalities in 85.6% of cases, primarily in the stomach and bulb, with congestive gastro-bulbaritis emerging as the predominant lesion. Our findings indicate a potential correlation between the severity of renal failure and the likelihood of upper gastrointestinal lesions. In summary, CKD significantly impacts the gastrointestinal tract, leading to a spectrum of symptoms and potential complications, including underreported upper gastrointestinal tract injuries. Early detection through upper GI endoscopy and prompt management are crucial in mitigating morbidity and mortality among CKD patients. This study underscores the importance of heightened awareness and vigilance in managing the intricate interplay between CKD and the gastrointestinal tract, ultimately benefiting patient outcomes.

Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction named Ogilvie’s syndrome, is a distinct form of colonic dilatation without evidence of underlying mechanical or anatomic cause. Despite the absence of an obstructing lesion, colonic distention can be rapidly progressive and lead to necrosis and perforation of the large bowel. CT scan is the most useful imaging CT images helps to differentiate colonic pseudo obstruction from other causes of obstruction. We present a case of Ogilvie’s syndrome, with typical imaging features.

Otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) are considered an indication of a response either to a stimulus or spontaneously in the absence of a stimulus, as OAEs display the frequency range and response time (latency) and show the effects of random roughness present along the basilar membrane in the cochlea. The primary goal is to determine whether roughness is responsible for the change in the behavior and activity of the OAE by observing the wave behavior and the propagation of transient otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs), which gives an interpretation in the frequency domain of your acoustic behavior of the non-linear model and to help accurately determine hearing thresholds and determine the presence of impairment.

LAM or Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis is an uncommon disease that predominantly touches women in their reproductive years. The disease is usually discovered in an incidentally way and detected in a high resolution thoracic CT scan. Its progress could lead to respiratory failure. This article is about a patient in our ward that got a chest CT scan in which the final diagnosis was a lymphangioleiomyomatosis in a case of tuberous sclerosis complex.

Hydatid disease is a parasitic infestation that is a public health problem in many countries of traditional livestock breeding where it is endemic. Frequently encountered localizations are of hepatic and pulmonary sites, whereas cerebral localization is rare. CT is the test of choice for the diagnosis and postoperative follow-up of cerebral hydatid cyst. MRI is useful for atypical or complicated forms and allows for adequate surgical planning. We report three observations, two of which have an atypical appearance in imaging.

Low back pain (LBP) is a prominent cause of disability and restricts the quality of life and work performance of an individual. The present study was conducted to find out the prevalence and related factors of low back pain among office workers in Dhaka City. A cross-sectional study was carried out by a self-constructed questionnaire. 150 office workers comprising 112 male and 38 female took part in this study. The maximum age range was 30 to 39 years old (38.7%) where more than half of the respondents had less than 10 years of job experience. Results indicated that the prevalence of LBP was 60%. Most of the participants complained mild and moderated pain with intermittent nature, more than half (60.3%) of the respondents having LBP who did the frequent forward bending. Greater percentages (59.1%, 57.0%) of individuals who did not use lumber support and body distant from the computer greater than 50 cm were reported LBP. However, there was a significant relation between LBP with Job experience (p<0.05) and daily sitting time in a working place (p<0.05). Therefore, LBP was moderately high in Bangladeshi office workers and some factors were influencing for LBP. It is needed for all office workers to learn about the related factors that help to prevent and control the occurrence of pain.