Management Arts

This paper presents views of customers towards the advertisements for televisions. It takes various factors of advertisements into consideration and the buying decision of customers. It is an attempt to present expectations of the customers towards the advertisements for televisions. And this paper concludes that there is no relationship between gender of the respondents and willingness to consider advertisements before buying a new television.

The purpose of this research study is to explore the characteristics of expatriates before they are posted on overseas assignments, and to assess the impacts of characteristics on the performance of expatriates. Multinational organizations need expatriates who can be representatives, ambassadors and have knowledge of coordination, integration of operations, knowledge transfer, and global managerial skills as they are investing in foreign markets to establish some subsidiaries in foreign countries. During this process, many of expatriates are not able to complete their overseas assignments. The rate of failure sometimes can reach to 85 percent. The main reasons of this high rate are culture shock, difficulties in adjustment, and so on. A questionnaire was developed based on the theoretical framework. The samples comprising 100 expatriates were taken from different organizations; education, construction, telecommunication, and press and media were focused in particular. The conclusion of the study has revealed that there are multi-faceted benefits of cross cultural training for expatriates working abroad. Cross cultural training can minimize culture shock, and premature return. Moreover, it can facilitate cultural adjustment, high productivity, and expatriates’ performance. The study has been delimited to the global companies operating in Pakistan. However, the majority of the organizations are established in Islamabad.

Most developing countries embarked on trade liberalisation at the prescription of Bretton Wood institutions. Zambia abandoned planned economy with strong interventionist and developmental objectives in the tourism sector. The country delved deeper into neoclassical, neoliberal economic policies such as Mercantilism, Absolute Advantage, Comparative Advantage, Heckscher-Ohlin Factor Endowment, and Porter’ s Diamond when formulating the Tourism Development Policies. The key beneficiaries of this new public management approach to development, remains multi- national corporations within the hospitality sector in particular and tourism in general at the expense of local lodge owners. The key findings in this paper highlight poor real growth in the sector, inadequate occupancy rate of lodges, reduces break even and expansion of the sector, increase in foreign investors, lack of expansion of locally owned lodges, dwindling market share and fewer and fewer new lodges being established since the liberalisation of the sector. This paper argues that new public management approach to development drawn from neoclassical and neoliberal theories of trade are responsible for poor policy choices.

Work ethic of employees in the organization in terms of behavior and social interaction, value judgments, Including individual attitudes and values, as well as to reflect external behavior of these attitudes and values. Article formed from the concept of the work ethic, the structure and measurement of relevant empirical research, cross-cultural comparison study, five aspects, presentation and evaluation of the work ethic Research organization. The article concluded that the work ethic future research trends.

This paper examines the contribution of contemporary innovation practices in management to organizational success, nowadays management practice innovation is at the top of the strategic agenda of corporations. In fact, the current catch phrases of ‘creative response' and 'innovation’ can be traced back to the entrepreneurship school and the cultural school since they are the nature of innovation, the inherent logic of innovation. Innovation is crucial both to the survival and growth of businesses and to their Competitive positions although businesses can be as innovative as their rivals and play a "dynamic complementary" Organizational creation is fundamental to the process of innovation, it constitutes part of the system that produces it. The ability of an organization to innovate is a pre-condition for the successful utilization of inventive resources and new technologies. Conversely, the introduction of new technology often presents complex opportunities and challenges for organizations, leading to changes in managerial practices and the emergence of new organizational forms. Organizational and technological innovations are intertwined, organizational changes, alongside new products and processes, as well as new markets.

Today, use of techniques such as information aggregation and design of homogenous and integrated systems in the organizations have been turned into critical case. Selection of suitable tools and system for implementation of information aggregation structures and information fetching and access model with emphasis on knowledge management is one of the managerial considerations in usefulness of hidden and unhidden knowledge in the organizations. In order to implement knowledge management based information system, there is need for a systematic and long-term approach, but one can implement some degrees of this system with equipment available in the organizations. In this article, we present a combined model of knowledge management in organizational information databases information aggregation while studying concept of information aggregation and knowledge management with strategic look. What is important is that knowledge management will be used as an important but not main factor. For compiling information database architecture, techniques relating to XML and information saving have been regarded textual. Y7g bIn order to assess and optimize the compiled model, genetic algorithm techniques has been used. In the presented model, four operational modules have been specified on which basis 15 genes have been identified and genes are assessed and optimized with regard to theory of experts and final model was compiled on the basis of final output resulting from optimization.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the exogenous and endogenous factors that determine the strategy of de-internationalization of SMEs in the sector of the footwear in the Metropolitan Zone of Guadalajara (ZMG). The proposed model explains the adoption of the strategy of de-internationalization from studies of comparative cases of SMEs in the footwear sector of the ZMG. In-depth interviews were applied to managers and staff involved during the time that the company was exporting. Analysis points out that lack of strategic planning and the instability in the foreign currency exchange rate are major factors that determine the strategy of de-internationalization in SMEs in the ZMG. Also, it is evident that the strategic imbalance during the de-internationalization strategy is not considered as a failure, but rather as an opportunity to redirect it and thus grow in the local market.

The objective of this paper is to propose a framework on the relationship between developmental experiences, empowerment and perception of organizational support. This framework relies on the social exchange theory (SET), which proposed that employees who received developmental experiences and empowered by their organizations will view their organizations favorably. Review of past literatures is provided to establish the foundation for the proposed framework.

The aim of this study is to identify the impediments of developing medical tourism in Iran and categorize and prioritize them. Therefore, we interview 30 managers and key players in the industry of medical tourism which were in hospitals or medical tourism agencies. After extracting the important involved factors from our interviews, we design our questionnaire which was consist of 36 questions and distributed to 284 people in our sample. For analyzing data, Friedman test and t test were performed which use of SPSS 18 software. The results showed us the priority of the identified impediments is: factor conditions, strategy and structure, supporting industries and demand condition. According to our results we can say that government as a supporter in this industry can have crucial rule for setting rules and preparing safe and stable environment.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of favoritism and organizational politics on job satisfaction in public sector organizations of Pakistan. A convenience sampling technique was used to collect the data. 250 Questionnaires were distributed to full time employees of 15 public sector organizations. 222 usable questionnaires were retrieved. The main findings of this research are that favoritism and organizational politics have a positive relationship with job satisfaction in public sector of Pakistan. Conclusion, Recommendation and limitation of the study are also discussed.