Bio Technology

The aim of the paper is to simulate the brain nervous system based on complex networks. Complex networks provides a new view for brain network, and the brain nervous system can be abstracted to a network. In this paper we delineate the simulation process to brain nervous system by complex network and computer algorithm. By the logical definition, we can abstract the node and edge to set up the brain nervous system networks with the different algorithms. The simulation results imply that it is feasible to simulate brain nervous system network based on complex networks with brain anatomical and functional architectures.

Present study deals with the isolation of lipolytic lactic acid bacteria from camel milk. Bacterial lipase is secreted extracellular and hydrolyses acyl glycerides into free fatty acid. Thus, the intake of bacterial lipase directly in food sample or as probiotic formulation can be helpful for those people suffering from health implications related to high serum triglyceride level. For this purpose, a lipolytic bacterial strain Enterococcus durans purified from camel milk employing enrichment and selective culture technique. Identification was done by sequencing of 16S rDNA/D1/D2 domain of LSU rDNA or ITS region and BLAST analysis. Strain showed significant lipase activity of 3988 U/ml. Physicochemical characterization showed that optimum lipase activity was observed between 7.2-7.5 pH, 30o C – 40 o C temperature, 3.5 %- 4.5 % salinity and 4 % (v/v) inoculum’s size whereas presence of peptone, calcium and tributyrin in media enhanced the lipase production. Optimization of lipase production was done using RSM model. Further purification via DEAE anion exchange leads 1.9 fold purification of lipase with retention of 81 % lipase activity. Quality assurance of this bacterial strain as a probiotic and subsequent formulation development can be useful achievement in the field of medical microbiology.

The roots of common beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris) were collected fresh by uprooting carefully from a garden soil in Bori, in Khana Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria. The root nodules were prepared using the Gwyn and Handelsman,(1989) technique, and analyzed by the spread plate method upon Yeast Mannitol agar, for the Isolation and Identification of nitrogen fixing bacteria (Rhizobium), obtained from the leguminous plant. Rhizobium japonicum, R. leguminosarum and R.aggregatum were isolated and identified. Rhizobium japonicum and Rhizobium leguminosarum were the most regular isolates, whereas, Rhizobium aggregatum were scarcely isolated. The frequency of occurrence of the microbial colony forming units were in order of 6.7, 20, 26.7, 33.3 and 13 for the sample plates,T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 as assay of root nodules formicrobial concentration of isolates were found, in the legume plant.

Early morning urine, stool and blood samples were collected from 1000 randomized persons at four different sites within the period of six months and screened for presence of Salmonella entericatyphi. Attention was given to clinical patients as well as healthy persons, particularly student community. Bori General Hospital and Sita-Esther Diagnostic Laboratories, Bori, were considered to access the clinical patients. Birabi Memorial Grammar School and Ken SaroWiwa Polytechnic, Bori, were considered for the healthy persons. Analysis were conducted on seven hundred samples from clinical patients, five hundred from Bori General Hospital and two hundred from Sita-Esther Diagnostic Laboratories, Bori, whereas three hundred samples from healthy people were also screened, one hundred from Birabi Memorial Grammar School and two hundred from Ken SaroWiwa Polytechnic, Bori. Comparative analysis of results indicated 60% Positive for blood, 30% Positive for Urine and 40% Positive for Stool. Evaluation of results show that 60% of the total population tested positive for Salmenella enterica typhi by serologicalfebrile antigen, but only 40% had evident visible growth of bacterial colonies, identified as salmonella typhi, in stool. The differences in results from blood, stool and urine from the various samples are likely due to patients being on a recent or current antibiotic treatment in general, or not being able to properly collect the Early morning Urine as directed, in case of Urine samples. High level of antibiotic potential(300mm), were seen in Augmentin, Ciprofloxacin and Chloramphenicol.

High levels of eosinophils are important in several diseases such as allergy and parasitic infections. Eosinophilia has been associated with parasitic diseases mainly when the parasite invades the tissues and promotes damage at mucosal surfaces. In this paper, we evaluated the expression of the costimulatory molecules MHC II, CD80 and CD86 during the peak of eosinophilia to investigate if eosinophils have a phenotype potential to act as APC. To this end, we used syndrome of visceral larva migran (VLMS) model, a parasitic disease caused by Toxocara canis, one of the most frequent helminthes in dog puppies. Our results showed increased expression of CD80 and MHC II. In general, the enhanced expression of CD80 and MHC II and lowest CD86 expression may be correlated with cytokine production, since there was also an increase in IL- 4 and IL- 5. The increase in CD80 expression suggests the activation of the antigen specific immune response of T. canis occurs efficiently. Thus, we suggest a potential role of eosinophils to act as APC in VLMS experimental model.

Many plants contain latex that exuded when leaves are damaged & number of protein & enzymes have been found in it. The latex of some plant families such as Asclepiadaceae, Apocynaceae, Caericaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae, Meliaceae, Sopodilla contains endopeptidase. In presence study fourteen various latex producing plants were identify for the presence of proteolytic activity by dot-blot X ray film method. The Euphorbia synudenium, Caloteopisprocera, Thevetia Peruviana, Ficusreligiosa, Caricapapaya, Azarirachta indica, Ficusbengalensis, Manikarazopota, caloteopisgigantea, degrade the gelatin on the x-ray film & the clear zone is formed at the site of application on x-ray film which indicates the presence of protease in the sample. The Jatrophacurcus, Plumeriarubera, Euphorbia triucalli, Ficusracemosa, Ricinuscommanis show no zone of clearances at the site of sample on x-ray film which shows absence of protease. The protein estimation of a various latex containing plants were done by lowery‘s method. The Euphorbia synudenium ,Caloteopisprocera, Thevetiaperuviana, Ficusreligiosa, Caricapapaya ,Azarirachtaindica, Ficusbengalensis, Manikarazopota, caloteopisgigantea, Jatrophacurcus, Plumeriarubera, Euphorbia triucalli Ficusracemosa, Ricinuscommanisin show protein concentration in between the rang of 45µg-390µg/ 0.1ml respectively. The proteolytic activities of enzymes preparation isolated from latex containing plants were estimated by using casein as substrate.In the present paper we described a simple and inexpensive procedure to detect protease of latex containing plants by the X- ray film dot-blot method.

Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) was field grown at population densities of 10.0, 13.3, 17.8, 20.0, 26.7 and 40.0 x 103 plants/ha and evaluated for herbage yield and quality 63 days after planting. Dry matter (DM) yield of all the plant components examined increased up to a density of 26.7 x 103 plants/ha and then declined. The leaf fraction and the total plant recorded maximum of 3698 and 5787 Kg DM/ha respectively. As population density increased, the leaf: stem ratio decreased from 2.7 to 2.0 to 1.6. The leaf blade, leaf stalk, stem (main stem and young branches) and developing inflorescences fraction registered averages of 24.5, 8.6, 7.8 and 17.8 % crude protein respectively. It could be concluded that Jack bean has the potential to serve as supplement to low quality ruminant feed sources.

One of the major concerns in today's world is the pollution and contamination of soil. The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has caused serious health diseases. Many studies revealed a microbial preparation (biofertilizer) does not harm to the environment. Pisum sativum (Garden Pea) is known for its dietary protein source, fodder for animals and symbiotic nitrogen fixation by Rhizobium present in its root nodules. This study revealed that organism cannot grow on Glucose-Peptone Agar plate but able to grow on Yeast Extract Mannitol Agar medium (YEMA) plates and detains pink colour of YEMA medium. Different biochemical tests were done to identify Rhizobium like urease, nitrate reduction, oxidase, catalase and salt tolerance test. The present study describes the optimization of production parameters and evaluation of shelf life of Rhizobium biofertilizer inoculated in multani mitti and coal ash. It utilizes sucrose as sole carbon source, different amount of yeast extract and salts such as Epsom salt (Sendha namak), Halite (Kala namak), NaCl, NaNO3, KI. The Rhizobium isolated from Pisum sativum roots has potential to produce industrially important biofertilizer. Quality control tests were done at the stage of mother culture, production culture and purity of carrier materials. Utilization of coal ash and multani mitti as carrier in biofertilizer formulations emerged as safe and effective alternatives. Shelf life of Rhizobium biofertizer in coal ash was found to have better growth for two months. The Rhizobium can be easily immobilized onto carriers like coal ash and multani mitti hence the best way to control waste like coal ash.

This paper gives a non-invasive approach for the measurement of blood glucose concentration in the blood, with the use of fluorescence radiation. By directing the fluorescence radiation at the target trytophan, the reflected radiation from tryptophan is detected at the detector and converted into a measurable signal. This value will correlate with the blood glucose concentration.

This experimental work is conducted to find the best paradigms for emergency czommunication systems that are developed in disabled and patient health care. The system must be proficient in avoiding adverse effects due to any misinterpretation that may arise in mis-classification of input. The proposed system works well with the suggested paradigms for the extraction of signals from a wearable hand glove. Each extracted signal spectrum represents the corresponding and precise paradigm feature, suitable for efficient classification. The application of Fast Fourier Transformation on signals to extract these features along with the Linear Discriminant analysis (LDA) resulted in faultless results. The wider differentiation is found in paradigms that depend on finger bustle, and are found less in false acceptance and false rejection in turn in equal error rate. Hence the experimental results prove the feasibility of constructing the efficient and simplified emergency response system for the sick, elderly and the disabled using the well differentiated paradigms.