Social Sciences

The present study endeavors to investigate teachers’ and students’ expectations toward corrective feedback, focusing on delivering agent, timing, types and techniques of error treatment in communicative-oriented English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms in the context of Iran. It also reveals how teachers provide corrective feedback to EFL learners and the frequency of corrective feedback techniques they use in the classroom. To fulfill the purpose of this study a total number of five class observations were carried out and followed by five interviews with the teachers of the same classes. Based on qualitative and quantitative analysis procedures the results show that both students and teachers prefer to receive or give corrective feedback to infrequent errors more than to frequent ones which is completely against what part of the literature suggests. It also shows that the preferences of both groups of participants do not greatly differ from each other except in few ways such as timing. Also, the findings show that recast is the most frequently-used technique employed by Iranian teachers in their classes.

The study examined the effect of parental conflict and divorce/separation on children’s attitude towards marriage in Nigeria. Three hundred and six undergraduate students of Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko in Ondo State, Nigeria were randomly selected and used for the study. Participants’ age ranges between 19 and 27 years with a mean age of 22.03 years. Three hypotheses were tested and results of analysis of data showed that parental conflict and divorce significantly affects children’s attitude towards marriage [t (304) = 13.96, p <.05]. It was also revealed that there was a significant effect of sex on attitude of undergraduate students from divorced families towards marriage [t (124) = 7.95, p<.05]. Results also indicated that children who attributed parental conflict and divorce to inability of parents to give up personal freedom were significantly different on their attitude towards marriage from those who attributed parental conflict and divorce to a lack of mutual trust, poor communication, and discontentment [F (4,270) = 13.25, p<.05]. Results were discussed in light of available literature and recommendations were made.

Children of incarcerated parents are a group who experience serious emotional, behavioral and psychological suffering that often receives little attention. They might face unique difficulties such economic and residential instability, experienced trauma due to the sudden separation from their sole caregivers and they also display more behavioral problems than their counterparts. The relationship between children’s well-being score and factors affect were examined in 10 children aged 8 to 15 years old. Children’s well-being score were assessed using selected domains based on the suggestions from Land and colleagues (2001). All twelve items that predicted would affect children’s well-being were included from three groups; economic resources, relationships with peers and social support. Economic resources, social support and relationship with peers groups were important predictors which give an insight into how it would affect children’s well-being score. Though the findings indicated that well-being of the children with an incarcerated family were influenced by eight items from the three groups; works, income, stigmatization, bullied, disturbance, isolation, help in study and much time with children. This research revealed that children with higher attention from their caregivers had higher level of children’s well-being score. In addition, it was found that relationship with peers, family’s income and works also played important roles in determining children’s well-being.

The concept of life style is one of characteristic of the modern world and modernity. Those who live in the modern societies use the concept of life style to describe their actions and others. The life style is meant by choosing the routine life. Thus unlike the traditional societies in which people had lived replaced and little alternative. In contemporary society Due to its importance personal responsibility and the rise of consumer society has more choices in life. This study sought to examine some social factors related to lifestyle and consumer culture. The methodology is survey and questionnaire is to collect information. The study populations of women 30-18 years old living in the city of Kermanshah (Iran), in this study, 274 people a quota sampling method were selected as samples. According to the results, there are significant relations between the cultural capital, media consumption, age and lifestyle. Multivariate analysis showed that the four independent variables, cultural, media consumption, age and social comparison, 42 percent put together have been able to explain changes in the dependent variable.

For decades the issue of pregnancy has been thought of as a woman's domain. For this reason, some expectant men not only show little concern but engage in illicit sexual activities or affairs. The study aimed at investigating the sexual behaviors among expectant fathers in urban areas and it focused on the sex seeking behaviors among the same group; the factors influencing the expectant fathers’ engaging in affairs during their wives’ pregnancies as well as the consequences of the said sexual behaviors. A total of 136 expectant fathers or men participated in the study. The study adopted the descriptive and exploratory research design. Data was collected using a questionnaire and was analyzed using the chi-square statistic and presented using frequencies and percentages. The study found out that age, religion and employment status of the respondents had no effect on the respondent’s participation in sexual activities when their wives were expecting.

Child Second Language Acquisition is one of the sub-areas in second language studies. Bilingualism is also considered to be an advantageous concept in terms of social, economic and educational contributions. In child language acquisition, imperatives are among the commonly used utterances that ask children to carry out a certain direction. In this research it is aimed to give information about child SLA and to show the contributions of the use of ‘Imperatives’ in child SLA. The study is a qualitative narrative research design. At the end of three months, Eren is able to carry out the exercised directions in English.

The present study carried out among 50 respondents from ten self help groups in Dakshina Kannada district with the help of purposive sampling method. The study focused on the socio-economic development achieved and the areas of empowerment among the SHG members. The potential of self help group is widening the social involvement of the respondents, is evident from the fact that 67 percent of the respondents had not participated in public meetings before joining self help groups but all the respondents are participating in various kinds of public meetings. The participation in self help groups did show significant impact on some of the key decision-making areas of family life such as family planning, children’s marriage and sending girl child to school. The results reveal that majority (88 percent) of the respondents could take decisions with regard to family planning, 66 percent had a say in their children’s marriage. With regard to sending girl child to school 78 percent of the respondents could express their view. Majority (82 percent) of the respondents revealed that in all other decisions of the family they were consulted. The overwhelming responses of the respondents, clearly speaks of the change within themselves and their influence among the community members. There are still grey areas of concern where the intervention of social work practitioners are felt, especially in terms of creating a better understanding of their role in the intricate family matters and decision making processes. Gandhi’s concept of Community Development through Woman Empowerment can be a reality with the strides in the right direction ahead.

Co-curricular activities can form the development of intellectual, emotional, social and moral of the students. Skill of communication skill also can be honed through the involvement of students in co-curricular activities. Therefore, the study is about the influence of co-curricular activities on student’s communication skill. The result of the study is from the analysis of data that was got from reading material like journals of previous researches and books.

The present study aims to investigate whether upper-intermediate Iranian EFL learners can benefit from developing positive attitude toward learning English as an EFL. 32 female language learners from Shokoh-e-Andisheh language institute in Babolsar, were chosen as the participants of the study. The results of the study indicated that there is a significant relationship between language attitude and success in language learning of upper intermediate Iranian EFL learners.

Satisfaction as one of the most important principles of public participation in rural development is considered, this research was done for study the Effect of Social and economic impact in improving of rural administrators performance for rural residents satisfaction. in this study bases Social of individuals in three dimensions, age, education and social stratification, and economic base in two dimensions, revenue and jobs in improving the performance of rural administrators for rural residents satisfaction were examined. Research methodology was based on descriptive -Analytical methods and parametric tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Means Plots and Independent simplest test by use SPSS software. Questionnaire measuring tool for collection the data from 267 households sample from 11 villages was used, which samples were selected by using of Cochran formula through simple random sampling method. The findings showed that between total Social base factors (age, education and social stratification); four rural administrators in 40-30 years age of rural administrators group, and with 3.20 average, two rural administrators with bachelor's degree and 3.32 average and seven rural administrators in upper stratum of society with 2.95 average and economic base in earnings dimension according to Leuven test (because Fisher’s significance level was lower than 0.05), in dimension of job, except administrators, the most additive effect was related to performance of administrators; according to significant level (more than 5%) performance of rural administrators had a decreasing effect in performing their duties to the satisfaction of rural residents and finally in analysis of general performance of rural administrators bases on rural resident’s view according to Anova test, Bagher Abad-e- Olia, Tang-e- Shohan-e- Olia and Siahkhor villages had a best performance with 3.45, 3.18 and 3.02 average respectively, and in lower ranking, Anjyrak and Gorgi villages had a lower performance between villages of Hassan Abad rural zone for satisfaction of rural residents with 2.7 and 2.47 means respectively.