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Every year on December 1 the whole world celebrates World HIV/AIDS Day. This date reminds us that this disease still remains and is the basis of many cases of death. Based on this provision, the new Framework Law No. 14/004 of February 11, 2014 on national education on the organization and functioning of education in its article 9 in point 11 insists on the fight against endemic and epidemic diseases including HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis.

25 Plants of Ocimum sanctum & O.americanum were collected from the pots containing Rosa Sinensis, Aloe vera, Lathyrus odoratus & the xerophytic opuntia plants respectively on Date 4/11/2020 of which 8 plants of Ocimum sp. kept in the pots & 17 plants of studied morphologically having Symptoms - leaf spots (while on yellow or brown or black), leaf notch, Curling of leaves on either nodal region as apex of stem, dwarfism in leaves, dwarfism in the size of the host plants of Ocimum sanctum & o.americanum. The anatomical study confirmed the pathogen on Date 19-11-2020 at 1-2.15 P.M. in the laboratory of Dept. of Botany, M.M.A.M. campus, Beratnagar, T. U, Nepal & disease causing pathogen is Alternania sp. as described by Hughes (1953), Tubaki (1958), subramanium (1962-1965).

Leveraging social media advantageously in marketing is one of the important innovative strategies that has made it easier for business managers to enhance consumers engagement and exploit purchase intentions. The lack of social media marketing (SMM) strategies to engage consumers has generally impeded small business manager effectiveness (SBMs) to compete and increase sales. SBMs and owners who fail to reach, engage consumers, increase sales, and remain competitive in the market are at a higher risk of failure. Rooted in the theory of diffusion of innovation (DOI), the purpose of this qualitative exploratory multiple case study was to explore the strategies that SBMs use to develop and effectively implement SMM strategies to improve consumers' engagement. The specific study population comprised six business managers of six successful small businesses in Maryland who effectively used social media marketing strategies to engage consumers for at least 5 years. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews and a review of the companies’ documents. A thematic assessment grounded in DOI helped in identifying the major theme of content design and engineering. SBMs might benefit from this study's findings by increasing their knowledge of the SMM strategies that are most beneficial in developing consumers' desired SMM content, selecting the very appropriate social media platforms, and developing highly effective customer reach and engagement strategies. The implications for positive social change could include the potential for business leaders to increase business success, which bodes well for increased social and community welfare and prosperity.

Linear model of cadmium content of soil samples in five commercial motor parks in some cities in South-eastern Nigeria were studied using analysis of variance and least significant difference test. The results showed that the mean values of three out of the five samples investigated and modeled were statistically significant at 95% probability level. Three of these five samples when compared with the cadmium permissible limits of 0.01 mg/kg were statistically significant at 95% probability level using the calculated least significant difference of 0.112 mg/kg. From the results of the analyses of the study, the Cadmium content in these choice locations were greater than the permissible limit of 0.01 mg/kg for Cadmium level in the environment.

The first closed bilayer phospholipid system called Liposomes, was described in 1964 and soon was proposed as drug delivery system. Liposome was found by Alec Bangham of Babraham Institute in Cambridge, England in 1965. In 1965s, it was well recognized that microscopic lipid vesicles, known as liposomes, could be utilized to encapsulate drugs and dyes for the purpose of systemic administration and drug targeting.Liposomes have been widely investigated since 1970 as drug carriers for improving the delivery of therapeutic agents to specific sites in the body. In 1990; drugs with liposome and Amphotericin B were approved by Ireland. In 1995 America F.D.A approved liposor doxodubicin. The liposome a microscopic spherical particle formed by a lipid bilayer enclosing an aqueous compartment.An artificial microscopic vesicle consisting of an aqueous core enclosed in one or more phospholipid layers, used to convey vaccines, drugs, enzymes, or other substances to target cells or organs. This review discusses the mechanism of liposome formation, structural components of liposome, classification, preparation method, pharmacokinetics,targeting, advantages, disadvantages, limitation, factors affecting the formation, characterization, potential applications of liposomes in drug delivery with examples of formulations approved for clinical use and products in clinical trials.

Table of contents for the month of August 2021

This study examines integration among Karachi Stock Exchange of Pakistan and Shanghai Stock Exchange of China. Monthly data ranging from January 2001 to December 2010 is included and tested in this paper. This relationship is tested by using descriptive statistics and correlation matrix. Data stationary is ensured by Unit Root Test. Evidence from Granger Causality and Impulse Response Test. The Results shows that SSE and KSE has no long term relationship or impact on each other focusing on the data of KSE (Karachi Stock Exchange) and SSE (Shanghai Stock Exchange).

Low back pain (LBP) is a prominent cause of disability and restricts the quality of life and work performance of an individual. The present study was conducted to find out the prevalence and related factors of low back pain among office workers in Dhaka City. A cross-sectional study was carried out by a self-constructed questionnaire. 150 office workers comprising 112 male and 38 female took part in this study. The maximum age range was 30 to 39 years old (38.7%) where more than half of the respondents had less than 10 years of job experience. Results indicated that the prevalence of LBP was 60%. Most of the participants complained mild and moderated pain with intermittent nature, more than half (60.3%) of the respondents having LBP who did the frequent forward bending. Greater percentages (59.1%, 57.0%) of individuals who did not use lumber support and body distant from the computer greater than 50 cm were reported LBP. However, there was a significant relation between LBP with Job experience (p<0.05) and daily sitting time in a working place (p<0.05). Therefore, LBP was moderately high in Bangladeshi office workers and some factors were influencing for LBP. It is needed for all office workers to learn about the related factors that help to prevent and control the occurrence of pain.

This paper re-examines the evidence for cointegration between international stock prices. It applies Johansen’s maximum likelihood (ML) cointegration method Var and impulse response stock price of Nigeria, the United Kingdom, Morocco, South Africa, Tunisia and the United States, with monthly data covering the period of 01/02/2004-01/07/2016. it finds at most one cointegrating vector from the developed market to emerging market. The results show that no bivariate cointegration exists between the Nigeria and any of the stock markets being studied, and the multivariate cointegration confirms the result. The findings on dynamic return linkages is that there is no significant returns linkages among the markets, with the exception to UK. Indeed FTSE100 is the most exogenous. Therefore, all markets are not exposed to the same set of risk factors and the risk premia on each factor varies among all markets. The non-existence of a cointegrating relationship between the Nigerian market and the considered stock markets implies that these markets offer potential for pairwise portfolio diversification for a Nigerian portfolio manager

In this paper, a mathematical model is proposed with three classes of population namely, susceptible, incubated and infected. The incubation period is defined as the time from exposure to onset of viral disease, and when limited to infectious viral disease, corresponds to the time from infection with a microorganism to symptom development. Immunity(natural or caused by vaccination) plays an important role in recovery of a disease, due to strong immunity a portion of incubated class rejoins susceptible class without being infected. The stability behavior of the trivial, disease free and endemic steady states are studied, it is found that the instability of disease free state leads to the existence of the endemic state. The possibility of Hopf-bifurcation of the endemic equilibrium is studied, considering the transfer rate from susceptible to incubated population as bifurcation parameter. Finally, a threshold value of bifurcation parameter is determined numerically for a particular set of parameters.