Literature

The west is China's more backward areas, the vast land, backward economy, education shortage. National energetical implementation of the western development, not only refers to the western economy development, the more refers to the big western manpower resource development, the western education big development. After entering WTO, the western education big development should be even more forward-looking view of the world, from the development of the west education. English as a platform of communication with the world, of course, in the western education development occupies important position. How to combine the western actual situation to learn English, to teach English, in English, this paper is to explore the key. Distance education learners were aged between 20 to 45 years old, therefore we can say remote education learners the majority is adult students. Adult students often have and adolescent their students' different learning characteristic, for instance, in psychological level, adult understanding ability is stronger, learn to compare self-discipline; But its physiological conditions gradually increases with age, such as listening, memory decline, imitate ability, all these have a negative effect on English learning. So how to make these students learning benefit, output greater than the input? The author thinks that structure - of communicative teaching method and its application are student’s best medicine.

Assessment of Catford’s (2000, as cited in Munday, 2008) shift model of translation should not be simply seen as an applied model in translated scripts. There seems to be a need for more critical investigations on the model to bring forth its shortcomings when it is applied in translating dramas, since dramas differ from other types of scripts in that they are written to be played and the translation should evoke the same response to what has already been evoked by the original. Also, the shifts proposed in Catford’s (2000, as cited in Munday, 2008) model seem not to be of the same value and determining the degree of importance of each of these types of shift can be helpful in translator training. The article is trying to achieve these objectives by putting randomly selected twenty sentences of a play written by Woody Allen (1975) named “Death Knocks” and its translation by Hooshang Hessami (1376) in discussion. It was stated how different values might be attached to the types of shifts introduced by Catford (2000, as cited in Munday, 2008). Besides, it was discussed how the similar response in drama translation could be achieved in the target language, i.e., Persian through a new type of translation shift.

The traditional structure of Iranian society and its values and cultural interaction have determined the marginal status of women. In vicinity of this traditional society, also Arab community woman has not been attended, so that they have been considered as furniture. After the Constitutional (Mashrooteh) Revolution in Iran and The Great French Revolution in Arab world and Napoleon domination on Egypt and interaction with European culture and civilization, these events cause to women notified of their rights and they have had more participation in cultural, artistic, literary and social arena, actively. Nevertheless, intellectuals efforts such as IrajMirza, YahyaDolatabadi and Lahooti in Iran and also liberals such as Jamal Aldin Asadabadi, AhmdAlshedyaq, and RfaahAltantavi and… in Arab society, as well as the efforts and sacrifices of the pioneer has had a significant influences in defend of women rights and their equity with the men and the necessity for providing supreme status. Forough Farokhzad in such society, as a feminine intellectual poet stood against injustice that was inflicted on the women. Beside her, GhadaAlsaman, a Syrian Arab poet with a deep and accurate point views and active participation in writing abolished dull thoughts. Forough and Ghada had rebellious spirit. Their works are actually of type of real feminine sexuality and are similar to each other and also differ in some aspects. While between Iran and Arab – as a vicinal nations – have had closely interactions. The main purpose of this paper is study new and creative ideas through feeling of these feminine poets.

Isabel Allende is known to be one of the most expressive writers of the Latin American world. All her novels are a reflection of herself. In each novel we find a spirit of innovation and renewal. This research paper is carried out on her first novel The House of Spirits (1982).it focuses on the autobiographical element of the novel. The introduction will introduce the writer and the topic as well. This research will focus on the contextual evidence of her autobiography. The main focus will be her biography. The framework that the researcher has chosen will be Renza’s essay A Veto of Imagination: The Theory of Autobiography(1972). The researcher will look into his 3 modes of autobiography and the correlation of ideology with autobiography. The content analysis will focus on the events and characters of the novel that have been extracted from Allende’s life. The conclusion shows how such expression has helped Allende grow as a writer.

Mary Shelley, the daughter of “two persons of distinguished literary celebrity” - Mary Wollstonecraft, author of A Vindication of Rights of Man, and William Godwin, author of Caleb William – was a 19th century writer. Her first novel Frankenstein is a gothic story about the creation of a monster, produced by an unconventional and unorthodox scientific experiment. It represents the author's notions of life, humanity and the society of her own time. It is suggested that the story has hues of Mary Shelley’s own life. Much has been discussed on her feministic view in the theme of novel, but little attention has been given to the reflection of her own travels which molds the setting of the story. Mary Shelley traveled widely in her lifetime and used to keep journals and letters of her travels as a tourist; Shelley’s letters showcase her friends and family, her cares and concerns, her daily life and her life as a romantic author. The primary focus of the present study is on the elements of tourism which comprise the setting of the story and help to create the theme and atmosphere of a story in which theme and setting are interwoven and function as a character throughout the novel. This character represents the life of the author as a tourist.

Ernest Hemingway, writer of 20th century America, winner of the Nobel Prize in literature, has a reputation of misogyny. A negative outlook towards women showcases his most famous works in which a sense of masculine dominance is almost ever-present. He often employs a sarcastic tone in his treatment of female characters. In his fiction, women who in literature are generally deemed subjects of heartbreak are ironically portrayed as heartbreakers or portents of destruction, in the least. This attitude towards women, we believe, is manifested in his "A Very Short Story" from his first short story collection In Our Time. Taking a biographical approach, we draw on his early experiences with his mother and his first love to better understand the story under study. But what has until now escaped notice is that "A Very Short Story" can also be read as a reaction to Feminism. To substantiate this claim, we put forth a brief survey of the Feminist discourse during the years he published "A Very Short Story", and offer signs of anti-Feminism from the text.

Literature has always been employed as a source for voicing trepidations and reconnoitering social productions, issues, malfunctioning and identities. It has allowed writers to give vent to their shared experiences while crafting novel and imaginative worlds which can be deduced by observers in numerous ways. Language, the main ingredient of literature, is acknowledged as a social stimulus and also a stimulus of social progress that has trailed its way for unknown ages, which is above all capricious and subjective dictums and existed unbridled by fiat or decree. The capacity and possibility of infinite influence, which language can hold, is marked in the narrative of the text itself. Within the novel of Roy “The God of Small Things” power and force of language is used in order to express multiple social identities and social mal-behaviors. Language, as a device for understanding and structuring social rationalities and social transgressions, plays a dynamic role in the creation and establishment of the untouchables’ place in Indian society in Roy’s novel. This will be illustrated by looking at how language offers voice to those who have once been silenced in a given social mosaic. In order to provide a base for a better comprehension of the role of language within the novel under consideration, Lecercle’s ideas about the force of language are very helpful.

Language is an important medium of communication. Keeping in mind the importance of language in the mind making process, this study aims to examine the language of e-print media advertisements of Pakistan. The linguistic analysis has been done at semantic, phonological, morphological and syntactic level. The practices along with the functions of these linguistic devices have been analyzed. E-print media advertisements from various domains have been selected for the present study. Qualitative Discourse Analytic Approach to Text was used to analyze the linguistic devices. Through the linguistic analysis, it has been observed that language of advertisements has a very innovative and peculiar form which is unique, fascinating and memorable. Despite the fact that language of advertisements is breaking the set rules of language, it appears to be very attractive and contributing towards the success of advertisements which ultimately lead towards the sale of the product. It has been found that the language of advertisements is very rich area to be investigated by the linguists.

This paper reviews on the potential impacts of quality assurance approaches on the construction industry. Previously, researchers discovered that better product quality, not the price of the product is the key point in sustaining competition in the construction market. Hence to this fact, many construction organizations are beginning to invest relentless amounts of efforts and attention into the quality of their products as the product quality itself is the winning key in obtaining the competitive edge over local competitors in the market to ensure the sustainability of their own businesses. Quality has long been identified as one of the most basic requirements of clients as the necessity for product quality is undeniable and understandable. This is due to the fact that such buildings might be one of the biggest investments in the lives of most clients. Besides that, with the information regarding construction industry readily available for the public, potential clients are more educated and well-informed. To cater the different needs of clients, contractors have to be creative and innovative, to try their best to perform better. They must not only aim to deliver projects on time but also projects of excellent quality and price.

This study intends to argue sacrificial scapegoat archetype in The Goat or Who is Sylvia? by Edward Albee, one of the famous American dramatist. For gaining this aim, first, a summary of the play is given. Second, tension and problem which is oriented round a sexual transgression in this play will be discussed. Third, the situation in which recognition and revelation of the problem occurs is to be exposed. Fourth, the role of vehicle which in this play casts on the goat as a scapegoat will be considered and fifth, the significance of sacrificial scapegoat on the play will be argued.