Social Sciences

Development of the country has been the ultimate agenda since the independence of Malaysia, in year 1957 up to now. The development of the country will inevitably involve the development of the current younger generation who will eventually be taking over the leadership of the country. Here, the generation that needs to be focussed upon is the youth, the ones who will be leading the government as well as the country in the future. The youth should not be ignored in the country’s development scheme plan. Therefore, this write up concentrates on the elaboration and suggestions on how to develop patriotic spirit in youth.

Global growth in tourism has brought a wealth of economic and global. Today one of the planners in the tourism resources that have attracted more and more rural areas. Overall, a very valuable part of our heritage, rural world And especially the indigenous architecture and unique identity of a region well-supported and reflected in its territory Thus, according to the situation in rural areas And development necessary to sustain it, Rural tourism can be an option for rural development .In this study population, statistical information is from 19 villages in Isfahan city. A matrix with 11 rows and 19 columns, including indicators to be studied include the village. Component analysis based on survey results showed Six factors (distance from the village to the city center, The number of rural doctors, Village distance to the center section Sports facilities to count toward the village, High proportion of rural banks and rural villages have a number of drinking water to villages), about 86/89% of the cumulative variance is explained. Weighting and aggregation of these factors with the environment, GIS, and the potential areas of tourism infrastructure services were identified. Village on the area of tourism and Jrqvyh Lyy as the Ramshh Village, Sistani and Zefreh tourism in terms of having been the last times. The Euclidean distance method and a gap analysis, four regions were similar in terms of its tourism infrastructure services.

Furniture is a must have product that everyone would have it. There are many types of furniture makes from various types of materials and need some working skills to produce them. Furniture industry is a well-known industry all over the world and contributes to the increasing of Malaysian economic growth. High workforce demand in furniture industry can give a future career option towards graduates’ students of Vocational College in Furniture Operation and Manufacturing Course. By TVET, students can learn the proper skills in furniture industry so that they can adapt and getting involve with the industry.

In this research we try to demonstrate the national unity from the viewpoint of political culture in Iran and its connection with national unity on theory Internal Solidarity Diamond. On another word the main hypothesis in this research is the effect of political culture on national unity. Regarding that in addition to political culture there are other elements like economic structure, social, cultural and political structures are also influential on the regarding phenomenon. The main objective of this research is to study the effect of political culture on national unity in Iran. The research method in this research is also analytic – descriptive. According to the results of this research, in Iran, because of long existence of autocratic authorities, they have been the creator of a kind of culture that is based on distrust, autocracy, self-orientation, negative individualism, omission, destructions, aggressiveness and etc. the consistency and long life of this authorities result in strengthening of this culture type among elites and bulk of people in a way that during the development of this political culture, this has transformed into a independent variable. This kind of culture has a negative and not constructive effect on producing agreement between elites and national unity. Evolution in political culture in order to gain national unity is a necessity.

In order to become successful members of society in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, students must be able to write effectively. However, many students are unwilling or unable to write by the time they leave high school. Two major factors linked to writing performance include writing self-efficacy beliefs. The current study endeavours to conceptualize the relationship between self-efficacy and writing performance. The paper posit a positive relation between writing self-efficacy and writing performance. The study concludes its premises by suggesting topics of interest for future research.

Since its discovery more than thirty years ago, HIV/AIDS has remained one of the devastating infections globally. It is the fourth most common causes of premature deaths in the world and the leading cause of death in Africa. The fight against HIV/AIDS is of public concern because the epidemic could undermine the collective development effort. In staging this effort, the participation of both men and women is critical in combating the scourge. HIV/AIDS is emerging as the paramount threat to investment in Kenya and subverts efforts to lift people out of poverty; thus calling for an urgent and sustained participation of both genders. Various interventions have been put in place by various stakeholders including government agencies, NGOs, the media, religious organizations among others. However, it is evident that the participation of men has been wanting since their presence in the various interventions is glaringly absent. This paper is based on a study that was carried out in Nairobi, Kenya, to establish the non-participation of men in the HIV/AIDS prevention initiatives. The main objective of this study was to establish factors influencing affective participation of men in HIV/AIDS campaigns within government ministries in Nairobi, Kenya. The study adopted an explanatory research design to collect quantitative data. The study utilized both primary and secondary data. The study administered questionnaires to a total of 59 respondents who were obtained from the selected government ministries in Nairobi, Kenya. Stratified random sampling was used to select respondents from the target population. Secondary data was gathered from various authoritative sources including books, articles, published and on-line journals. Data was analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Statistical mean and standard deviation as well as percentages was used in interpretations to determine data characteristics, Cronbach’s alpha test was used to establish the reliability of the study variables as well as multiple regression analysis used to determine the predictive power of the study model. From the study findings, it was established that policy factors had significant influence on effective participation of men in HIV/AIDS campaigns within government ministries in Nairobi, Kenya. The study therefore recommended that mechanisms be devised that address the problem of lack of information, advocacy, counsel and support services among men and boys to enable them take an active role in HIV prevention. There was also need for a framework that has in-built mechanisms of gender equity integration in HIV/AIDS campaigns; that a policy is devised to ensure that all employees are persuaded and coerced to participate in HIV/AIDS campaigns in each department of the ministries that were sampled for the study and finally, policy guidelines be provided to guide HIV/AIDS key areas such as awareness, prevention and response. Finally, adequate budgetary allocations be considered to help create capacity that encompass relevant areas both in terms of infrastructure and management among other recommendations.

Present study was designed to identify the causes of domestic violence on woman. Women in many societies face violence at home due to various reasons ranging from social and cultural norms or their own failure at empowering themselves. The report includes an opinion on different causes of domestic violence and discusses each using the methodology of survey sampling and literature retrieved on the subject. In the end of the report is a discussion on the most agreed upon cause of the violence faced by women to create awareness for the reader on the subject and to fulfill the purpose of the report in highlighting the basic cause leading to violence.

Creative thinking skills plays a paramount role in child’s developments. It is the heart and soul of child's education. It is the foundation on which the personality of child is built. The study of mother-tongue is of dire necessity on the aforementioned skills. Teachers rarely use teaching technology like multimedia, instructional technology etc. They adopt lecture cum text book method-a boring procedure. No attempt is made to arouse their creativeness or encourage their self-expression so what they learn is poor learning. The researcher takes the initiative to bridge the relationship between the utilisation of technological methods in Arabic classes and the enhancement of critical thinking skills as a result of adopting technological methods.

Agriculture is the backbone of Kenya and employs the highest proportion of the population, accounts for approximately a quarter of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and close to two-thirds of total exports, hence its importance in poverty alleviation. Despite the importance of the sector, about four-fifths of the country’s land area is arid and semi-arid (ASAL), making rain fed agriculture largely unviable. As such, livestock and dryland farming are elevated to the highest among livelihood options for resident communities who are largely nomadic pastoralists and agro-pastoralists. While weather patterns are largely responsible for low crop yields and therefore food insecurity, there are other factors that come into play to escalate want in these areas including socio-cultural dynamics and institutional bottlenecks. This paper looks at the challenges of dryland farming in semi-arid areas of Kenya and henceforth points at possible research gaps that need to be bridged to alleviate food insecurity and enhance national development and the achievement of the UN Millennium Development Goal 1 of eradicating extreme poverty and hunger.

This paper investigates factors contributing to drug abuse among the youth in Kenya; a case of Bamburi Location. The paper also: establishes the nature and extent of drug abuse and related issues among the youths; establishes the level and sources of knowledge and awareness on drug abuse and related issues among the youth; investigates demographic factors contributing to drug abuse; investigates social-cultural factors contributing to drug abuse; investigates economic factors contributing to drug abuse; analyses the effects of drug abuse; interrogates the challenges faced against the fight of drug abuse; and recommends on how to curb and reduce drug abuse. In this paper, the authors use an explanatory study design where a study was conducted in Bamburi Location to establish factors contributing to drug abuse among youths in Kenya. The explanatory study design was adopted as it offers an explanation as to why youths engage in drug abuse in Kenya. A survey was conducted for the reason that it provides the information from the single selected sample whose findings can be used to offer a generalization for the whole country. The sample size for the study was 120 youth across all the sub locations in Bamburi location. The main findings of the study were: Demographic characteristics except gender do contribute to drug abuse in the area. Economic and social cultural factors also play a great role in influencing drug abuse in the area among the youth. Effects of drug abuse are diverse. They range from individual to societal effects such as poor health, poor personal hygiene, homosexuality, high school drop-out rate, high divorce rate, prostitution and increased crime. The main challenge facing the fight against drug abuse is corruption and lack of concern by the community in general. Suggested measures to fight the menace are to end corruption and focus on preventive education among the school-going youth. Though there are various factors leading to drug abuse, this paper focuses on demographic factors, social-cultural, and economic leading to pervasiveness of the menace in the Bamburi community/Location. Basically there are various demographic factors contributing to drug abuse such as age, occupation, religion, and marital status. Demographic factors also work in close relationship with social-cultural factors such as one’s perceived respect by others, the social environment, peer pressure influence, social learning from parents, one’s culture and cultural believes, customs, norms and values. Economic factors also play a great role in determining one’s behavior especially in cases of deviance. One’s economic status may influence one’s indulgence in such activities. This paper is, however, limited to the investigation of these factors and recommends the way forward in reducing or curbing drug abuse in Bamburi Location.