Educational Technology

The aim of this study is to determine the evaluation level of animation in learning and teaching process and the effect of animation on academic achievement among undergraduate students in School of Applied Physics (PPFG), National University of Malaysia (UKM) by using contemporary Prezi.com software. For the purpose of teaching material, 4 animation models was designed which included 4 core subjects of 1st year students; electric and magnet, thermodynamic, wave and mechanics by using Flash 8 software which was then integrated as hypermedia presentation slide by using Prezi.com software. Lecturer and students can easily access the slide by entering the keywords in the searching engines like Google, Yahoo, Bing and ect. The sample of study involves 61 of 1st year students and 20 of 2nd year students at semester 2 academic session 20132014. Collected survey data forms 81 undergraduate students in PPFG, UKM showed an average of 98% interested in using of animation for learning and teaching. On the other hand 38% of them feel hesitate and worry about the implementation and the use of animation. However, 99% of them still believe that the use of animation can improve their academic achievement. This was proven by the results of tests 1 and 2, pre-test and post-test from the workshop organized which showed an increment in mean average of 3.6 to 7.5 and 2.7 to 5.5.

Reading is a complex process that involves the use of the cognitive, affective, psychomotor and social domains. Each of these aspects has a remarkable influence a learner’s reading skills and abilities development, hence determining a learner’s rate of reading success .The teacher plays a crucial role in developing children’s reading skills, although most learners enter school having attained some degree of phonological awareness of their L1 languages. Effective reading instruction then, requires that the teacher manipulates the cognitive, affective, psychomotor and social domains in order to develop appropriate reading competencies in early grade readers through the instructional practices chosen during instruction. This paper examines significant aspects crucial to effective reading instruction among early grade readers and their implications for early grade reading instruction in Kenya. It is hoped that this paper will provide teachers and researchers with stimulating insights in reading instruction for early grade readers in developing countries and Kenya in particular.

Generally regarding the revision discussion and the finality of judgments in Iran, it can be said that after years of struggle for being religious or non-religious of revision discussion, the legislator Finally however it emphasized on the finality of decrees but by allowing review for most of the cases uses the exception in a way which practically leaves on single decree but a review possibility for that. Hence ,in the year of 1381 in a move to make amends past mistakes they eliminated different review possibility and detection but it didn’t succeed again because of establishing detection branches in country’s supreme court and degrading this institute to a simple court.in the year of 1385 and after that in the years of 86 and 88 by using the amendment article of 18 reduced the deficiency of the law of 1381 but yet by giving the right to review for final decrees which are against sharia to head of judiciary not only contradicts the law but questions the finality of decrees. The way used in this study is based on practical goal and an analyzing – descriptive approach.in information collection is based on library resources and by using real document. This study starts by finality definitions and after that investigates the historical course of finality and decrees violating in Iran legal system and also investigate the legal deficiency in this regard and at the end presents some suggestions for improving criminal system to achieve justice.

Alternative assessment has been acclaimed as an approach to assess activities which are authentic and engaging students with active and cooperative learning. It also foster skills needed in the 21st century and preparing students for future careers. The study is an attempt to build an analytical rubric to evaluate students science project and enriching it with 21st century skills and providing a space for students to develop their potential. Delphi technique is used to validate the rubric and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was conducted to measure the reliability of the rubric. The study encountered that the rubric reached high consensus by panel of experts and high absolute agreement of [ICC = .75(95%CI, .41 to .93)] which can be concluded that is has a fair reliability of 75.0%. Thus the rubric can be practiced and implemented to assess students science project. However the study have found numerous issues and constraints but the creation of the rubric concedes assessment of students activities which are authentic and relevant to nourish 21st century skills. Though, further research on the validity and reliability of the rubric is crucial.

This piece of research addresses an interdisciplinary challenging issue concerned with dynamical evaluation of e-Learning systems' performance. More precisely, it presents an interdisciplinary work integrating neuronal, psychology, cognitive, and computer sciences into educational environment. That's in order to introduce systematic analysis and dynamical evaluation of the adopted study for e-learners' time response (equivalently convergence time) phenomenon. Specifically, this work concentrates on dynamical evaluation of one measuring parameter fore-learning performance namely: time response. In other words, e-learner's response time has been adopted as an appropriate candidate learning parameter applicable for reaching optimal analysis and evaluation of e-learning systems performance. Herein, that time considered as period of time requested in order to reach correctly a pre-assigned (desired) output answer which determined by an e-learner while examined via Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ). At the macro-level, the paper proposed e-learner's response time affected mostly by two basic extrinsic and intrinsic educational factors. Firstly, that associated to effectiveness of e-learning environment such as communication signal to noise ratio, and learning rate value. Secondly, that tightly coupled with gain factor candidates' brain function and structure (synapses, axons, and dendrites).Such as the number of dynamically contributing neurons, and the gain factor of neuronal response function. Consequently, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) simulation has been adopted for realistic evaluation of timely dependent candidate's response till reaching desired correct output solution for any arbitrary MCQ exam. After successful timely updating of dynamical state pattern (synaptic weight vector), pre-assigned (desired) correct response is accomplished in accordance with coincidence learning modeling. The presented simulation has been developed towards quantified analysis of the highly specialized neurons' role performed to select correct answers to MCQ. Furthermore, the time response parameter considers individual differences of learners' brain role (considering various number of neurons), while performing selectivity (MCQ) processes. Finally, after running of suggested realistic simulation programs, some interesting conclusive results introduced.

Education is an important stand-in for human development. Along with economic growth and empowerment, it forms the core of every social and human development doctrines. Higher education as we have today is outcome of a long socio-cultural growth. The General Agreement on Trade and Service (GATS) is among the World Trade Organization’s most important agreements. The creation of the accord was one of the landmark achievements of the Uruguay Round and is the first and only set of multilateral rules and commitments covering Government measures that effect international trade in services. However, during the last four decades, the state had made considerable progress in all the areas of development. In this paper accounting of major objectives, i) to study analyze the GATS and Indian Higher Education ii) identify present status of the Indian higher education iii) the examine the policy suggestion and summary. Study will cover of India and regional centers will make use of based on secondary data. The analysis of growth, regional variations, state assistance to determents factors like higher education impact on GATS will be based on secondary data collected from the Reports documents published by such other agencies, using CAGR. Hence the very success of economic reform policies critically depends upon the competence of the human capital and in particular the specialized human capital. In this paper an attempt has impact on GATS and Higher Education in India.

Abstract The research work was designed to find out the relationship between improvised and standard instructional material with academic performance in physics, in udu local government area of delta state. Some secondary schools in the area were used in the research. The data was collected via questionnaire in which students administered using chi-square method for the analysis; it was found out that the calculated value was more than the critical value which implied that there was significant effect of improvised and standard instructional material on the performance of secondary school students. This leads to the conclusion that government should endeavor to provide standard instructional materials for secondary school students so that there learning can be effective.

This exploratory study investigates the relationship among teacher hope, reflection and efficacy and explores the amount of variability it is predicted to be made by the impact they cause on each other among Iranian ELT Teachers. To this end 100 school and institute ELT teachers answered a set of questionnaires, consisting of Snyder's Adult Trait Hope Scale, Tschannen-Moran and Hoy (2001) teacher self-efficacy scale (TSES), and Akbari, et al. (2010) teacher reflection instrument. Data were analyzed using statistical techniques such as Pearson product moment correlation coefficient and multiple regressions. The results of the study revealed that there was a significant positive relationship between teacher's hope, reflection and efficacy among Iranian ELT teachers. The results of the multiple regressions also indicated that hope subscales could predict a significant amount of variability in teacher reflection and efficacy components. Also teacher reflection subscales could predict a significant amount of variability in teacher efficacy components and vice versa. The pedagogical implications of the study such as the constructive role of hope, reflection and efficacy in teacher improvement, creation of a teacher hope instrument, and the production of strategies to augment these characteristics in ELT teachers by teacher educators and policymakers are also discussed.

The concept of preschool is not a new phenomenon in Kenya. The purpose of the study was to examine factors influencing children’s language development in preschools in Mathare Slum area in Nairobi. The study focused on four factors: learning facilities, teachers’ level of education, children absenteeism and strategies used by teachers to enhance children’s language development. Mixed method approach was used. Target population was 25 childhood preschools and 25 teachers. Systematic random and purposive sampling methods were used to select 8 preschools and 8 teachers. Data collection instruments were observation schedule and questionnaire. Data analysis was done through coding and categorizing to create themes; as well as frequencies and percentages. The findings showed that quality of preschools was inadequate in terms of learning facilities and teachers’ level of education. In addition, the findings of the study showed that some parents brought their children to school when they were busy, meaning, they did not value education. In addition, the findings revealed among others that teachers employed a number of strategies to enhance children’s language development although it was evident that teachers were limited in English proficiency. The study recommends that preschool teachers be given training in English proficiency for teaching children.

Education may be regarded both as a science and an art since it consists of theoretical as well as practical knowledge and skills derived through various artistic and scientific methods. Like other science subjects, education also needs logic. So educate the children scientifically by teaching them the exact pronunciations of the alphabets. An English alphabet should be pronounced exactly as it is pronounced in a word known as “Qadir’s Pronunciation” of Alphabet. Similarly, Urdu Hija should also be pronounced exactly as it is pronounced in a word known as “Qadir’s Pronunciation” of Urdu Hija.