Mechanical Engineering

One of the most sensitive features of the sheet metal forming is the elastic recovery during unloading called springback. Sheet metals are prone to some amount of springback depending on elastic deformation. Obtaining the desired size and design of die depends on the knowledge of the amount of this springback. So the accurate prediction of the springback is very important. The springback is affected by the factors such as sheet thickness, material properties, tooling geometry etc. In this paper the effect of various parameters such as sheet thickness, ratio of die radius to sheet thickness, strength coefficients on springback are studied. Also a Neural Network prediction model is prepared and the results of FEA and NN model are compared for springback.

Seats are one of the most important components of automotives. In recent years, customer expectations for automotive comfort are increasing, and the development of seats that cause little fatigue, even for long distance driving, has been required. Automotive manufacturers recognize comfort as one of the major selling point, as it is thought to play an important role for buyers as well. This literature review incorporates previous studies related to automotive seating comfort and discomfort. It summarizes key literature related to seating design and criteria and reviews comfort issues in automotive seating. The aim of this paper is to describe the measurement methods that are used to improve the physiological comfort of automotive driver’s seat. The paper has 3 sections. First, we explain the nature of sitting comfort and discomfort. Secondly, we describe the subjective and objective measurement methods that are used to evaluate the automotive seat. Thirdly, we propose a methodology for the development of comfortable driver’s seats.

A compressor is the heart of vapour compressor system. The function of refrigerator compressor, being an integral part of the system, is related to relate to other components. Hence its capacity, life, breakdown, etc. are very much influenced by the performance of other components like condenser, evaporator, throttling device etc. in this present paper the reciprocating compressor is being replaced by a screw compressor. The performance analysis is conducted and further a comparison analysis is done. It has been found that the screw compressor with certain limitation is more effective and saves the power.

It will impossible to attain competitiveness capability without using IT and communications; thus enterprises require redefining what they are as regards this technology and finding a new architecture for their own organization. The country's auto part manufacturing industry needs a model whereby various aspects of enterprise architecture are appropriately expanded and upon which suitable strategies for implementing an integrated system is created. This paper seeks to offer a reference model for preparing and formulating an appropriate enterprise architecture regarding the implementation of integrated systems in auto parts manufacturing firms. To design model, principles of Axiomatic designing and generalized enterprise reference architecture and methods are applied. With the identification of 120 pieces of requirements and conversion of them to business capabilities, the recommended reference model, based on a service-oriented architecture consists of 6 layers of architecture, 17 components and 71 business capabilities.

Manufacturing industries aims at the reduction in usage of cutting fluids to combat Environmental and Ecological issues towards which new techniques are being explored. Hard turning with minimum quantity lubrication is one such technique which can abate the pollution problems associated with the cutting fluids. The present paper deals with the experimental investigation in turning of hardened AISI D3 steel with CVD coated indexable inserts under minimum quantity lubrication using vegetable oils as cutting fluids. An orthogonal array, analysis of variance(ANOVA) and Deng’s index are applied to study the performance of input parameters such as insert style, cutting fluid, cutting speed, feed and depth of cut by considering quality characteristics such as surface roughness, material removal rate, interface temperature, specific energy and flank wear. Finally a clear presentation is made for Deng’s method

CNC Wire Electric Discharge Machining is the process of material removal using electrical discharge erosion action, with a wire electrode travelling longitudinally through the work piece. The work piece and wire electrode both are immersed in a dielectric fluid. The relative moving passage between the wire electrode and work piece is controlled by a CNC system that is pre-programmed. The Wire Electrical Discharge Machining performance mainly depends on various machining parameters like generator parameters, drawing parameters and user parameters. But the most prominent parameters are generator parameters as they are very important for sparking principles. Reference Voltage (V), Pulse on-time (Ton), Pulse off-time (Toff) fluid injection pressure mode (Inj), Wire tension (WB), Wire velocity (WS) are the crucial machining process parameters which has influence on the machining performance characteristics such as Material Removal Rate (MRR), Surface Roughness (Ra), Spark Gap (SG) and Dimensional Deviation (DD) while processing / slicing of ingot. Variation in machining performances causes both functional, profit and loss for any manufacturing organisation. Hence, an attempt has been made to study and optimize these machining parameters for minimizing the variations in multiple machining performances and process model (empirical relationship/regression model) between the process parameters (V, Ton, Toff, Inj, WB, WS) and the performance characteristics (MRR, Ra, SG and DD) has been developed. These process model can predict the level of performance that the machine would render for a given set of process parameters, thereby providing prior knowledge of desired machining performance before actually producing the part. The process model is able to show the dependency of machining performance on process parameters, which will be useful for both machine designers and the machine users.

Since the inception industrial revolution, a continuous attempt is being made to recover and minimize the waste heat. With the time various waste heat recovery system is developed. In the present research paper an exhaustive review on heat pipe is done. Various aspects and application is described and the view of authors is presented here. Further, the wide application of heat pipe to recover waste heat from the exhaust of IC engine id discussed and salient conclusion is drawn which indicates that, a wide scope is available for further research on heat pipe and especially in the relation of IC engine exhaust heat recovery system.

Vortex tube is a device that separates pressurized inlet gas into hot and cold streams. Its main applications are in spot cooling. Hence cold temperature of outlet gas, as a response variable, is of much concern for experimentation. There are various input controllable parameters, the values (levels) of which may affect the cold temperature of outlet gas. Some studies were carried out on vortex tube hitherto, considering different input controllable parameters. The present work analyses the effect of five input controllable parameters viz., inlet gas (air) Pressure, Length of the vortex (hot)tube, Diameter of the vortex(hot) tube, Diameter of the orifice / diaphragm, and Diameter of the nozzle on the response variable- Temperature of cold-outlet stream of air. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) approach is used to optimize the response. L-27 Orthogonal Array (OA) is used for experimentation. Response is of “Smaller the Better” type. Regression equation is obtained. All the parameters considered but the Length of the vortex tube, are found to be significant from the Analysis of Variance ( ANOVA ) table. Optimum levels for factors are predicted, confirmatory test is run and the experimental results are validated.

In an ever increasingly competitive environment, product design forms the foundation for enduring sales responsiveness and enhanced customer satisfaction. Superior product performance, quality and reduced cost of ownership are the results of effective, efficient engineering and design. The impact of product design on total cost of ownership and the profitability of a manufacturing company are significant. This paper addresses design for total cost of ownership approach for allocation of redundancy that can minimize the total cost of the product during the product life time. A genetic algorithm based heuristic is developed to provide an optimal or a near optimal solution. This DTCO approach permits engineers to study product designs with respect to cost, reliability and performance during the conceptual design phase and enables the integrated method to identify design changes that improve performance and reduce total cost of ownership.

Failures of equipments and process costs money. The reasons for failure could be either a bad design, improper working conditions, failure of system components as they approaches the wear out stage or a combination of these factors. There is no way of completely eliminating failures. However, a better understanding of the causes and mechanisms of equipment failure can allow failure control measures to be developed and implemented. Unreliability is the costly part of the economic equation and adopting measures to improve reliability and availability of the system will ultimately result in economic gain. The present work attempts to provide an estimate of the net effect of modification that is required for a system by using the control chart procedure. The method involves plotting control charts for each of the components using the time to fail. The central line of the control chart corresponds to the Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) and the control limits are placed at a distance of from the mean line and is based on t- distribution. The components that require an improvement with regard to failure rate is identified by analysing the control charts. The desired change in the component availabilities as well as the system availability can be obtained and an estimate of the net effect of modification is also arrived. The model can provide a measure of the performance of the components as well as that of the system. The quantification of the improvements required, if any, can be obtained using the model. A 11 step algorithm is also developed based on the model. It is hoped that the developed model and algorithm will prove to be a powerful tool in process reliability analysis.