Management Arts

Students’ satisfaction has become an essence of success in today’s highly competitive world. In service industry specifically the education industry, communication is vital to determine students’ satisfaction. Past researches indicated that, most meaning of conversational messages comes from non-verbal communication. Evaluation on students’ perception on lecturers’ kinesics that would lead to their satisfaction to the services provided was examined. The results of the study illustrate that kinesics that is also known as body movements was shown to have the most impact on students’ satisfaction. Therefore, from this study, it can be inferred that students’ in Malaysian universities are mostly observant on the body movements used, facial expression and postures and gestures of the body of their lecturers when lectures are delivered to them. The present study caters for a wide spectrum of students and development professionals, especially those who are interested in non-verbal communication specifically kinesics-related issues. It is highly hoped that the information gleaned from the present study may assist all service employees specifically in understanding better, the importance of kinesics and its effects on students’ satisfaction.

Small-scale industries occupy a place of strategic importance in Indian economy in view of its considerable contribution to employment, production and exports. However, since 1991, small-scale industries in India find themselves in an intensely competitive environment due to globalization, domestic economic liberalization and dilution of sector specific protective measures. Therefore, the present study analyzes the impact of globalization on Indian Small Scale Industries. The main theme of the paper is to evaluate the performance in terms of units, employment, output and exports of SSI, before and after liberalization and to know the impact of Globalization on the performance of SSI. The period of the study is 1973-2010 and based on secondary information.

The main purpose of this paper is to present the importance of benchmarking in TQM and organizational performance. To determine the various benefits an organization can derive from the application of total quality management practices, or the relationship between total quality management and quality outcomes/benefits in services sector of telecom industry of Pakistan. The study is based on primary and secondary data. Eight most important constructs were found through literature review for conceptual framework in this study. Primary data is collected through questionnaires. The same questionnaire was used in comparison of TQM practices in different countries such as India, USA, Mexico, China and Norway. The theoretical framework adopted is by Raghunathan et al. (1999). Findings revealed that TQM practices and implementation have positive effects on quality benefits or outcome (productivity, profitability, competitive position, reduce customer complaints, cost reduction, reduce rework level, reduces scrap level, stay in business) in services sector of telecom industry of Pakistan. Benchmarking also plays a significant role in the development of organizations. In addition to the research data, findings from different field studies and other research works have further supported conclusion drawn from this research, that TQM practices have positive effect on organizational development. The findings based on this empirical research would be useful to both decision makers and researchers.

This study investigated the employee retention dependency on predictor variables like training program, incentive programme, co-worker social support, working hours and union representation. For this purpose data have collected from individuals in four banks and government employee who are living in government colonies in Pakistan. Total population was approximately 550 and sample size 226 has been used for collecting data. The regression test is used to check dependency of employee retention on predictor variables. the result of the study indicate that employee retention depend more on incentive program, union representation, co-worker social support, and less on working hours and supervisory program. However incentive program is more significant predictor variable for employee retention than other variable.

Entrepreneurship development is increasingly becoming important in economic growth in many countries. The majority of workers in the developing World cluster in small and micro enterprises in the private sectors. They may be on account workers in services or employees in small and medium-sized firms in manufacturing. Entrepreneurship and investment influences the rate and linkages, which develop in an economy, the labor demanded and the human capital investment required meeting these labor demands. Rapid growth can contribute to poverty reduction. Although there are variations across countries, social norms strongly influence men’s and women’s work and working environments. Some tasks and jobs are considered more appropriate for men or women and covert screening filters out applicants who defy these norms. These gender norms frequently underpin sex-segmented labor markets typically confine women workers to low-wage, low productivity employment and can limit the responsiveness of labor to new demands for high skilled workers. Sluggish labor markets can impede adjustment, distort human capital investment and inhibit a firm’s ability to switch to new activities and compete in a dynamics and globalizing market. Development occurs within an institutional and economics environment that is similarly shaped by customers, social norms, implicit and explicit codes and conduct. The study sought to establish the impact of gender on micro-enterprises performance. The main objective was to establish the differences in the constraint facing female and male owned micro-enterprises respectively in Nandi County in Kenya. Data from a survey of 180 micro-enterprises were used in the modified ordinary least square (OLS).

This article is based on a Ph.D. research study of the voluntary sector in India, of which non-governmental organizations are a part. The perceptions, assessment and recommendations of donors and experts on various aspects of NGO functioning were examined in depth as one of the components of the research, in the backdrop of social marketing objectives. The study covered the most important aspect of the application of marketing principles to socio-economic development, besides identifying important issues governing the operating effectiveness of NGOs and the traits and qualities that make them eligible for donor support on a sustained basis. .The results suggest that in the Indian context, level of funding significantly influences performance of NGOs. While the program component of social marketing effectiveness had a significant relationship with level of expenditure, there was, however, no relationship between level of expenditure and social marketing effectiveness as a whole. A significant conclusion of the paper is that NGOs should project a more positive image of their performance and credibility to donors. The paper also suggests that systematic outcome measurement is critical to assess NGO performance.

This study examines the extensive strategic analysis of AirAsia Berhad that has enabled it to sustain its competitive advantage as Asia’s leading low cost carrier (LCC). The study demonstrates the diverse business-level, corporate level and competitive strategies of AirAsia Berhad, played crucial roles in the LCC to successfully penetrate the under-served market segment of the airline industry within the ASEAN region. An in-depth analysis using a wide array of academic resources, relevant financial, legal and management resources and authorized websites, including face-to-face interviews were used to provide a more consequential comprehension on the varied business and international strategies that were implemented by AirAsia Berhad. This research exhibits critical analysis pertaining to the current macro environment of the aviation industry which includes the PESTEL framework and Porter’s Industry Analysis. The competitive environment analysis for AirAsia Berhad is thoroughly scrutinised to examine the driving determinants that attributed to the organisation’s competitive advantage in the industry. Further analysis using the Ansoff Matrix, lends evidence to the successful growth of the organization. Additionally, the international strategies that were implemented exhibit the foresight of the airline. The study concludes by adopting the balance scorecard framework to evaluate the organization from four pertinent perspectives of an organization which includes financial performance, customer knowledge, internal business process and learning and growth.

Industrial sickness is a universal phenomenon, over the years the problem of the industrial sickness has grown not only in developing countries but also in developed countries. In India, the problem of sickness in industries has become very acute. It adversely affected the health of the industrial sector in particular and the economy of the country in general. This paper covers the causes of sickness in the cooperative sugar factories in Andhra Pradesh with reference to NCSF and to examine the revival / closure strategy of NCSF. The present study is based on secondary data and is substantiated by discussions and interviews with the officials of NCSF. The data is analysed by using appropriate statistical tools like averages, trend analysis and percentages. In order to identify the forewarning indicators of industrial sickness in Cooperative sugar factories, L.C. Gupta model of four financial ratios such as (1) EBDIT \ NS (2) EBDIT \ GTA (3) OCF \ NS (4) OCF \ GTA are also applied. It concludes that the originating factor was management ineffectiveness. The management could not make the farmers understand the importance of survival of NCSF. The management could not convince the farmers to continue to produce sugarcane for their survival vis-à-vis the NCSF’s survival. EBT was negative for all the years but for 1998-99 it was positive due to interest waived. All these indications show that the organization was never sound, ultimately leading to sickness.

The objectives of this paper were to show the impact of corruption on some macroeconomic variables as well as simulate a shock to corruption and view its impact on those variables for the period 1980 to 2010. To achieve these objectives, a VAR model was used, along with its uses namely the impulse response functions and the variance decomposition. Variables used include the GDP, life expectancy, investment, government expenditure, inflation rate, oil revenue, government revenue and corruption. Findings from the simulations using both the impulse response functions and variance decomposition show that corruption explains a considerable portion of economic development. It also shows the negative effects of corruption on economic growth and the indirect effects as well, through other variables of interest especially investment, life expectancy and oil revenue. Conclusions reached show that the effects of corruption on macroeconomic variables are long term in nature and it tends to increase over time. The implication is that if corruption is not tackled aggressively, low economic growth will continue unabated in the country.

This study examined the relationship between public health expenditure and economic growth in Nigeria. Using time series data for the period 1977 to 2010, this study employed both multiple regression analysis and the granger causality text estimation techniques to examine the relationship. Result from the multiple regression show that both Capital and Recurrent expenditure on health has positive effect on economic growth in Nigeria. The causality test shows that there is a bi-directional causality between recurrent expenditure on health and economic growth, while a unidirectional causality exist between capital expenditure on health and economic growth as causality runs from economic growth to capital expenditure on health in Nigeria. Based on the above findings, the study recommends increased current and capital health expenditure to improve healthiness of the inhabitants and invariably economic activities in Nigeria.