Educational Technology

We aimed to investigate factors associated with the creation of a learning organization at Shahid Beheshti University in Tehran through the perspective of faculty members of the university. research method is Descriptive- survey. Sample population in this research include faculty members of Shahid Beheshti University which 517 subjects were selected using multi-stages cluster sampling and the researcher questioner was delivered to the subjects. The question numbers were determined based on Morgan among 221 people. Data collected via questionnaire regularly. Questionnaire used in this study is feasibility of the approach and is based on the Likert scale ratings. Towards data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistical has been used. Descriptive statistical estimates the frequency distribution , percentage, density , mean , and .... . For hypothesis test, inferential statistical parameters such as Pearson correlation coefficient , ANOVA , t independent groups , multiple regression, post hoc Tukey test was used for data analysis . results showed that among the eight -component communication patterns , reward system , individual autonomy , risk - taking, conflict , identification, management support, coherence, integration and creating a learning organization at Shahid Beheshti University is a significant relationship between them which the description of each component of the items discussed during the study findings are presented.

This study is an attempt to investigate the ways to reduce the internal organizational conflicts of the educational sets of Borazjan city. The methodology of this study is a descriptive-survey method. The study included all administrators and teachers training centers of Borazjan city who are 420 people. In this study, a systematic random sampling method (regular) has been used. The required data were collected using OCCI questionnaire and their reliability are 0/80, 0/75and 0/70and 0/73and 0/84 that they were confirmed. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as a one or two-dimensional table of frequency distribution, percentage, mean, standard deviation and inferential statistics such as comparing the means by independent t-test. The result of this study has shown that the difference between the mean of internal organizational conflicts of principals and teachers in educational sets of Borazjan city is significant . Based on this study and previous studies, can be concluded that one of the most important ways to reduce internal organizational conflicts of educational sets is using an appropriate management styles in dealing with internal organizational conflicts and also it is not recommended to just use a particular management style to reduce the level of internal organizational conflicts.

The history of student-centered approach takes its roots from a constructivist theory, in which students learn more by doing and experiencing rather than by observing. In this theory, students are the initiators and architects of their own learning and knowledge making rather than passive ‘vessels’ who receive knowledge from expert teachers (Brown, 2008). In contrast to learner-centered, language-centered methods focus on discrete items of grammatical and lexical forms of a language that are presented to the learners. In fact linguistic forms constitute the organizing principle for syllabus construction. This paper aims at distinguishing which method is better. In order to do this three groups of female intermediate learners at three institutions in Kashmar, Iran participated in this study. There were three classes, including 30 learners in each group who were assigned to control and two experimental groups. The experimental groups received an instruction in three tenses; simple present, simple past and future tenses, followed by writing pre- and post-tests. Both tests consist of six questions and students' answers should be in form of a T-unit that including 50 words with using eight verbs. After analyzing the results of pre- and post-tests and comparing the performance of experimental groups, the findings show that the performance of learners in language-centered class is better than learner-centered class.

The present study was designed to explore the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) among public and private sector universities in teaching and learning process. This study was descriptive in nature, problem explored was to investigate use of ICT in teaching and learning process, it future aimed to investigate the role of faculty members in the effective application of ICT in classroom situation. The objectives of the research included to study the usage of information and communication technology (ICT) among faculty in public and private universities and to measure the awareness of private and public sector faculty about use of ICT in teaching learning process and to explore the role of demographic variation in determining faculty use of ICT in teaching learning process. The population of this study was faculty members of public and private sector universities in Rawalpindi/Islamabad. A stratified random sample comprised of 52 male and 48 female university faculty members were collected from three public and three private universities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The research tool ICT questionnaire was used to collect data. ICT questionnaire consists of 30 items which were filled out by public and private universities faculty members. After the data collection, data was analyzed with the help of SPSS 18 by using various statistical techniques like Mean, Standard Deviation, Correlation and ANOVA. Research findings reveal that there is significant difference in the awareness of public and private sector faculty about the use of Information and Communication Technology. Results portrays gender differences in prospective faculty perceptions where male university faculty members experience more use of ICT than female university faculty, younger university faculty members were higher user of ICT than older one, Professors use of ICT more frequently than Assistant professors and Lectures, the use of ICT is higher among M Phil qualified university faculty as compared to other qualification levels. Study elaborates that experienced university faculty are higher user of ICT than less experienced university faculty. Study found out that advance computer user among university faculty members experience higher use of ICT than basic and intermediate user. The study was beneficial to comprehend the use of ICT in teaching and learning environment. It was also useful because it present guidance for increase the use of technology integration in education. It was also helpful to investigate the ICT usage, may give guidance to educator, teachers, education planner and curriculum developer to integrate ICT in formal curriculum for advancement of knowledge and utilization of modern tools and services. It also provided recommendation on increasing the ICT usage in universities.

Nowadays, education serves to provide guidance to students who lack in their values, courtesy and politeness. However, good values are still unsatisfactory amongst students in the workshop. There are students who do not adhere to the rules resulting in wastage of workshop materials, and thus causing problems in the workshop management. This research is undertaken to survey the extent of the practice of moral values in a workshop at a polytechnic during teaching and learning sessions. The main instruments used to support the research are questionnaires and observations. A total of 365 students were selected as respondents from two polytechnics, namely Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah and Sultan Zainal Abidin. Four aspects of moral values are measured: cooperation, crafts, physical and mental hygiene and respect. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science Version 16.0 (SPSS 16.0) with the appropriate mean, standard deviation and minimum score t-test. The results revealed that the overall practice of values amongst polytechnic students is high and there were no differences in the practices between the two polytechnics. Therefore, researcher proposed several techniques to ensure students apply value as suggestion model.

The debate about inclusive education has been lessened and the society is trying to digest into the education system in Kenya, the integration of pupils with special needs. Despite all these efforts there are still some challenges that affect inclusive education in our society today. The purpose of this study was to investigate teachers’ perception on the influence of their training on the integration of pupils with special needs classes in an inclusive setting. The study adopted the theory of Multiple Intelligences (MI) (2007); this theory has offered educators a comprehensive framework within which fundamentally different solutions could be implemented. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design to carry out the study since it involves the study of various entities. To ensure adequate representation, a target population of 240 teachers and 40 PTA representatives were used. A sample of 120 teachers and 20 PTA representatives were selected for the study. The survey instrument was pilot tested to improve its validity and relevance to the objectives of the study. The questionnaires and the interview schedules were scrutinized for errors and omissions, ambiguity, legibility and relevance. Data collection instrument used were questionnaires and interview schedules. The data collected was analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative techniques. The reliability of the instruments was piloted in one of the schools in Tinderet sub-county which was not included in the study. Data analysis was done by use of frequency tables and percentages. The study findings indicated that most of the teachers were not trained in special needs education and most of them were not attending in service courses and workshops on special needs education. Further, hearing aids, visual aids, brails and wheelchairs were not available in most of the schools while demonstrations and crutches were available and suitable in most of the schools. The study further indicated that teachers believed that pupils with special needs could not interact with other pupils. Further most of the school administrations rarely support integration of students with special needs by rarely providing the necessary resources, clarification of ways of handling children, motivating teachers of pupils with special needs in support of integration of learners with special needs in regular classrooms.

The paper examines the possibility of providing a platform or base for extension of knowledge and wisdom in the virtual era to benefit all the people. Availability of knowledge and wisdom objectively influencing all the people and in all occasions, time wise and place wise, will go along way in limiting the role of beauracracy. The major objectives of the Study were to determine the main dimensions in the field of virtual education, Present a Research Model for Virtual Education and also to determine the proportional degree of the Research Model from the point of view of the teachers, educational experts and specialist in Iran and India. The Statistical sample of the present Study includes 400 of the teachers and educational experts in education technology, ICT and IT in Iran and India. In order to collect the needed data, a questionnaire was designed. The obtained data were analyzed on the basis of such descriptive and inferential statistical indexes as Factor Analysis, Coloration and Cronbach’s Alfa. The SPSS package was used. This research is based on a well though out and scientifically designed “Research Model”. The ‘designed Research’ Model facilitated in-depth ground Study of each component of Virtual Education Model. Based on the empirical finding, our Conceptual Model could be refined and applied to draw conclusions. All the eight components of the Research Model were confirmed from the point of the view of the teachers and educational experts in Iran and India.

The importance of primary education in promoting efficiency, security and national development in Nigeria cannot be underrated. This cannot be overstressed because this level of education is the basic foundation to other levels of education. This paper examines scope of primary education in Nigeria, it’s objectives and various reforms in the education sector as it relates to the effectiveness of primary education. This paper explains the concept of national security and national development as it relates to primary education. This paper further discusses the relevance of primary education in promoting national security and development as well as efficiency. It concludes by proffering possible solutions on how to improve on the primary education system in Nigeria.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the practice of teachers’ Continuous Professional Development (CPD) programme in Dire-Dawa Administrative Region, Ethiopia. The specific objectives of the research were to explore the status of schools’ CPD implementation as per the national framework, identify the success areas of the schools in implementing the CPD, identify the gaps of schools in implementing the CPD, explore the challenges the schools face in implementing CPD and to suggest some possible solutions/strategies for effective implementation of the programme. The study design used was descriptive survey. A total of 20 schools (18 primary and 2secondary) and 213 teachers (144 urban and 99 rural) were taken as participants of the study using questionnaire. For observation three schools which are serving as cluster resource centers were used. Regional education bureau CPD focal person was used as interviewees. The data were analyzed using number, percentage, and mean for quantitative ones and narration for qualitative ones. The data witness that many efforts have been made by the different stakeholders of teachers’ CPD such as Ministry of Education, Regional Education Bureaus, School principals and teachers themselves. On the other hand, the efforts made were not consistent, specific CPD budget was not there. Cluster Resource Centers were not functional, CPD practices were tried in both primary and secondary schools but the practice by the secondary school teachers is very minimal, principals and supervisors were not practicing their own CPD. The major challenges or gaps identified include low commitment of teachers to perform CPD activities, lack of commitment of mentors to support teachers, failure of Cluster Resource Centers to function, lack of commitment of supervisors and principals to do their CPD and become models for their teachers, lack of ownership of CPD to follow up regularly and assess its status. finally, to implement teachers’ CPD as per Ministry of Education (MoE) guideline, there should be ownership at the different level of the Education system, the Regional Education Bureaus should organize the Cluster Resource Centers and make them functional and should have regular communication and support for the schools, supervisors and principals shall be models to their teachers in doing their own CPD were recommended.

The present paper intends to overview some basic concerns and developments in the educational systems of the current century highlighting how remarkable role information communication technology (ICT) plays in today’s education and finally comes up with some justifications for the integration of ICT into the teaching and learning process.