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Polyphenols widely distributed in plants, fruits and vegetables have received considerable attention because of their physiological functions including antioxidant, antimutagenic and/or cancer preventive activities. The present study aims to process cocoa beans and to estimate the quantity of epicatechin after processing. The seeds of Theobroma cocoa were subjected to two different treatments. One set of seeds were allowed to boil and other for fermentation. Both the boiled seeds and fermented seeds were further grouped into two. The first group of boiled seeds was dried and deshelled (BNR), second group of seeds were dried and roasted (BR). The fermented seeds were then dried under sunlight and deshelled without roasting (FNR) and the other group of seeds was roasted and deshelled (FR). The obtained seeds were ground to cocoa liquor and polyphenols were extracted using various solvents and concentrated by rotary evaporation, and these solutions were subjected to HPLC analysis and eluted compounds were detected by monitoring UV absorbance at 280 nm. The calibration curves were compared against the standard which was run at same nm. The obtained calibration curves identified the presence of the polyphenolic compound-epicatechin at 6 min. The sample BNR possessed the maximum concentration of o.938mg/g of epicatechin whereas the sample FR doesn’t obtained any peak representing the presence of epicatechin. Hence the study concludes that processing that involves fermentation and heat reduced epicatechin content as well as antioxidant activity.

In this paper the numerical study of unsteady flow of a viscous incompressible fluid past an exponentially accelerated infinite vertical plate with radiation, viscous dissipation, chemical reaction and variable heat and mass diffusion have been analyzed in the porous medium. To obtain the non-similar momentum, energy, and concentration equations usual non-dimensional variables have been used. The dimensionless governing equations are solved numerically by explicit finite difference method. Here velocity, temperature and concentration fields are described graphically for the different physical parameters. Skin friction and Nusselt number profiles have been also described graphically here.

Schools continue to enforce reforms by adapting technology in the teaching and learning process such as the use of internet in offering courses online so that students can study anytime, anywhere. However, the question persists if online learning is indeed for anybody who wishes to take advantage of this learning modality. While studies have shown that the attrition rate in online learning is higher compared to those enrolled in the traditional face-to-face program, students with high online learning readiness on the other hand have higher satisfaction and higher completion rate. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the online learning readiness of tertiary level students at Holy Angel University (HAU) based on their age, course, year level as well as their intention to enroll in an online learning mode. Results showed that HAU tertiary level students generally have moderately high readiness for online learning. Those with higher online learning readiness were female, older students as well as students in the higher year levels. Majority of the respondents would consider enrolling in online courses; although the difference with those who do not wish to enroll is minimal. Common reasons to enroll include accessibility and ease of technology use while for those who are not enrolling cites the absence of the physical presence of the teacher and the perception that online learning is not “real” learning. This study highly recommends proactive measures to address the issues and concerns of all stakeholders to ensure successful outcome for all online learning initiatives.

Uromyces fabae (Uromyces viciae-fabae) the pea rust was first reported by D. C. H. Persoon in 1801. Later DeBary (1862) changed the genus and renamed it as Uromyces fabae (Pers) deBary. There after, Kispatic (1949) described f. sp. viciae-fabae by including host vicia fabae. The pathogen Uromyces fabae described as autoecious rust with aeciospores, urediospores and teliospores found on the surface of host plant (Arthur and Cummins, 1962; Gaumann, 1998). Gaumann proposed that the fungus be classified into nine forma speciales each with a host range limited to two or there species. Later it was observed that the isolates of Uromyces viciae-fabae share so many hosts in common that it was impossible to classify them into forma speciales (Conner and Bernier, 1982). Based on the distinctive shape and dimensions of substomatal vesicle, Uromyces viciae fabae has been described as a species complex (Emeran et al., 2005). It revealed that host specialized isolates of Uromyces viciae fabae were morphologically distinct, differing in both spore dimensions and infection structure.

1. Abstract “Banks are in the business of managing risk, not avoiding it………” Risk is an unpredictable approach which every business or organization need to go through. To understand the financial behavior one first need to understand what is Risk and its effect on private banking. Considering, the present era, increasing competition, has made risk management an important element for the banking industry. Financial institutions should take charge of risk in order to manage efficiently. Risk management is a method to arrange ,lead ,sort out,and manage the broad mixture of danger to adjust into the structure of organizational routine work long termly and short termly. As risk management, different banks adopt different risk management system, they bifurcate risk into Credit risk, Market risk and so on . The aim of the study is to analyze that whether private banks are satisfied with their risk management system, as every bank carries a risk management approach. Current paper also, talks about the risk and its effect on Private Banks. It includes its types and process of risk management. Paper includes a survey (Questionnaire) filled by 5 private banks which is further analysis through F-Test and ANOVA. Key words: Risk management, Private Banks, Credit Risk, Satisfaction

 Describe the modalities for the management of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma in its sarcomatoid form. Material and method: We report the case of a 45-year-old woman who presented with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma in its sarcomatoid form. Clinical case: This is a 45-year-old patient admitted to the emergency department for the management of inspiratory dyspnea on a large mass in the anterior cervical region that has been developing for more than 3 months. A cervicothoracic CT scan was performed urgently showing an enormous thyroid mass of malignant appearance at the expense of the left thyroid lobe with extension to the other lobe, associated with thrombosis of the internal jugular vein and the superior vena cava, as well as a right pulmonary embolism. A surgical decision for tumor reduction with extemporaneous pathological examination associated with a tracheostomy was taken. The definitive anatomopathological examination revealed after immunohistochemical study anaplastic thyroid carcinoma in its sarcomatoid form Conclusion: The therapeutic approach to anaplastic cancers has changed in a few decades. Surgical treatment of goiters has reduced the incidence of these cancers, access to preoperative cytological diagnosis sometimes allows early management, at the stage of emerging intrathyroidal anaplastic foci in differentiated cancers. Combined treatments give back a place to surgery. 

Antibacterial activity of chloroform and methanol extracts of Phellinus switeniae (Murr.) S. Herrera and Bondart were studied. The activity was evaluated by well assay method and microtiter plate dilution method using sixteen strains of Acinetobacter baumanii Bouvet & Grimont. The methanol extract of Phellinus switeniae showed activity against all strains of Acinetobacter but no activity has been found in case of chloroform extract of Phellinus switeniae against all strains of bacteria. Methanol extract of Phellinus switeniae was found to be efficient against human pathogenic Acinetobacter, as low MIC values seen.

Generally, all securities are associated with risks. The actual return an investor receives from the securities is related to risks. So it becomes necessary for him to analyze the securities from the view point of their prices, returns and risks. This analysis is useful in understanding the fluctuation of prices of securities and the behavioral pattern of market before one decides to invest in securities. In general short term investors tend to earn more profit in a short period. One of the effective and simple tools used to have an idea for buying and selling of shares to its maximum yielding in 10 days is “Oscillators”. The name itself expresses the oscillating character of price movement from low level to high level. The investor can get the merits of oscillators and be benefited in short term duration. The present study only micro level analysis. Key words: short term, investment, oscillators, securities, investors. Introduction: The word investment has many interpretations as it means different things to different persons. For a person who has lent money to another, it may be an investment for a return. Similarly, if a person purchases shares of a company for the purpose of price appreciation, it is also an investment for him. Investment is a commitment of funds for earning additional income. Security analysis calls for collection of vast information relating to company and market. The market for securities can be regarded as perfect when demand and supply forces determine the prices of securities. Besides the market price, the investors are interested in knowing the intrinsic value of shares. It is the value of net assets available per equity share of the company. It always revolves around the market price. When the intrinsic value is less than the market price, it is advisable to sell the shares. On the other hand, investors intend to buy securities when the intrinsic value of shares held is more than the market price. Thus, the market analysis and estimate of intrinsic value require collection of information from the appropriate sources.

Simulating is an effective method to identify and comprehend the abstract and complex phenomena. In order to find the point of penetration of memory in the human brain, we put forward an idea to simulate memory function using ant action by their similarities. By analysis of their structure and action, we discuss the brain functional memory complex network like the ant network, the results imply that it is feasible to make research on brain functional memory complex network with the theory of ant action and colony optimization.

The study was aimed at to analyze the social aspect of school climate. The objectives of the study were to highlight the public relations associated with school and to identify the factors that affect the social climate of a school. The population of the study was comprised of the sixty six boys’ high and higher secondary school in public sector at district Charsadda. Out of the target population, twenty two schools were taken as a sample through random sampling technique. The data was collected through questionnaire administered to principals and teachers of selected schools as well as through non-participant observation checklist. The data was screened for errors and cleaned thereof, and then tabulated and analyzed. The findings of study revealed that most of the school had no regular co-curricular activities. Grouping exists among teachers. The relationship between school and community was quite poor and the Parents Teachers Councils were ineffective. Teachers participate in making school base decisions but their criticism is not welcomed by most of the principals. In the schools there are political interventions. Most of the teachers like to have long discussion on politics. Use of abusive language in schools is also observed. There is no proper procedure for social education of the students. It is recommended that the deficiencies might be overcome by strengthening Parents Teachers Councils, discouraging politics and grouping among teachers. Organization of co-curricular activities and social education and use of cultured language should be encouraged.