Applied Chemistry

Three novel phenyl-dibenzo [b, h][1,6]naphthyridine derivatives were synthesized in five steps, from ethyl benzoyl acetate and aniline derivatives. A total of 48 minutes reaction time was recorded for the latter four steps using microwave irradiation. The yield of the final products and all intermediate products were over 80%.

The present study evaluated the properties of polymeric blend films obtained from chitin and bentonite by the casting/solvent evaporation method. Polymer blend films of chitin and bentonite were prepared from homogeneous solutions in trichloroacetic acid at various proportions of chitin and bentonite. The cross linking agent like formaldehyde were incorporated into the polymer blends to improve the properties such as mechanical strength, tensile strength, surface hardness, stiffness, resistance to temperature and solvent attack. The structure and physical properties of the blend films were analyzed by Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide angle XRD analysis. FTIR analyses confirmed that interactions were present between the hydroxyl groups of bentonite and amide group of chitin (lone pair of electrons available on nitrogen atom) in the blend films. Thermo gravimetric analyses showed that in the blend films, the thermal stability increased with increasing bentonite content. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies revealed an endothermic peak corresponding to water evaporation around 100?C in the films and an exothermal peak corresponding to the decomposition in the chitin side chain and blend films. The chitin-bentonite blend films exhibited a higher thermal stability in the presence of cross linking agents (formaldehyde) was found out.

The aim of this work was to investigate the most effective extraction conditions for the production of thevetia seed protein concentrate of reduced cardiac glycoside content. Alcoholic extraction of the glycosides was studied as a function of time, solvent to meal ratio and solvent composition. Thevetia seed meal was extracted with 10:1, 15:1 and 20:1 solvent to meal ratios, for 45 min, 12, 24 and 48 h. the isolated compounds were characterized by spectral techniques and structure of the compounds were proposed.

Characterization and phytochemical screening of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) coir dust was carried out. Studies were carried out on the extraction and characterization of unmodified coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) coir using water, acetone, acetone/water (70/30), (50/50) respectively. The percentage extract decreased in the following order:  acetone/water (70/30) > water > acetone > acetone/water (50/50). Amount of extract obtained from a fixed mass of coir dust increased with decreased particle sizes: 150µm > 300µm > 600µm for all solvent systems. The amount of extract obtained using water as extractant increased with increase in volume in the order of:  400mL > 200 mL > 100 mL of water. Characterization of unmodified coir dust reveal the moisture, ash, lignin, cellulose contents and pH of aqueous solution as 25.20%, 9.0%, 53.5%, 35.99% and 6.4 respectively. Phytochemical screening of acetone coir extract for the presence of active ingredients such as tannins, flavonoids, polyphenols, phlobatannins,  and also reveals the absence of saponins, anthraquinones.

In this research, isolated group of natural pigments of vegetarian cinnamon, sugar(Beta Vulgaris), and used extracts as indicator acid - base were compared with common indicators , such as methyl orange and phenolphthalein, and the results showed a consensus in the extent of the change chromatography was used as extracts to prepare papers chromatography paper (PC) is similar to the leaves Sunflower (litmus paper). And the study of the infrared spectrum of the active substances isolated from vegetable, sugar (Beta Vulgaris ) and cinnamon.

Physico-chemical properties of ink particles have an important role in deinking using either washing or flotation processes. To study such properties, turbidity, zeta potential and surface tension techniques were used in this research. In this work, oleic acid and xylanase are used as surface modifiers for the ink particles. The results show that addition of enzyme alone to the ink suspension and due to its adsorption on ink particles, increase ink dispersion. This will facilitate separation of ink using washing process. On the other hand, the addition of enzyme-oleic acid blend to ink suspension reduces the electronegativity of ink particles. This will make the ink particles to flocculate and facilitate its adhesion to the negatively charged air bubbles during the flotation process. It is expected that this fundamental knowledge will lead to process technology improvements in the deinking of office wastepaper.

New heterogeneous and catalytic systems were obtained and their activities were further studied to ensure process of a demercaptanization (mercaptan removal) of oil and oil products. Kinetic regularities of a process were researched. The kinetic model and the mechanism of a demercaptanization of an ethyl mercaptan as a model reaction with participation of organic ligand catalyst deposited on clinoptilolite So-Fe, Mn-Fe is suggested by this study.

Hydrazone compounds derived from 2–Amino –5–chlorobenzophenone. The structures of the compounds are purified and characterized by means of TLC, melting point, IR, 1H NMR spectral data. The antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi was studied. The result of preliminary biological tests showed that of these compounds possess biological activaties.

With the consideration of minimizing the problem of water pollution, it is necessary to clarify the industrial waste water at the place of its generation point by some chemical or biological treatment method. During present study the low cost material fly ash i.e. the waste of thermal power station which itself produce pollution of environment is used for purpose of water pollution control. Fly ash with specific surface area of 6177.15 cm²/gm is used as a clarifier to the combined waste water of Sugar mill at room temperature. The different dosage of fly ash is kept in contact for 24 hours, then they will analyzed before and after treatment. The results of COD removal follow the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm.

This work aimed to apply a thermochromatic polymer based on 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid (PCDA) monomer as a temperature sensor. This polymer has specific chemical structure enabling it to vary its color parameters, namely CIE L (brightness), a (red-green) and b (yellow-blue), with the temperature transitions. These color parameters were calculated in accordance to the American standard ASTM number E308-2001. All changes in the temperature were found to be easily tuned with the visual color and the color difference (DE). These changes were found to be recyclable and reversible in the studied temperature range of 25-105^oC with regression factor equals unity.