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This study by using of fuzzy approach has attempted to model for predicting the risk of tourism in a fuzzy environment developed for this purpose , at first , the effective parameters of the process of determining the number of tourism in metropolises are recognized , then the variables are classified in 11 categories and according to experts’ opinions , their importance is identified by DEMATEL technique that it is reduced to 14 variables and classified to 4 groups, and considered as an input. Following the classification each with by using membership functions of linguistic variables were transformed into qualitative variables. Each variable in the fuzzy sign in fuzzy networks finally, each of the output variables of the fuzzy system derived. After the Create 11-fuzzy network, each output results as an affecting factor on main risk associated with specific weight and then the weight relation each of the small risks, the main risks was obtain. The end Tehran city as a case study assessment Tehran, with a 50.503% (average) tourism risk whit human-induced has been calculated. It should be noted that these rhythms were in various cities and countries, is different.

Clay as a mineral resource remains an important material for most industries. They are varied in composition and as a result serve a multitude of purposes. To ascertain the industrial application of each clay type, knowledge of the elemental contents of the clay is important. For clays with montmorillonitic content, they are used in oil and gas industries mostly as drilling fluid viscosifiers. In this study, five clay samples obtained from clay deposits at Ibiono, Ini, Itu, Ikono and Uyo in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria were characterized elementally to evaluate their montmorillonite content potential for use as drilling mud viscosifiers. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) coupled with samples dilution method and standard calibration of samples was used. The elemental analyses portray montmorillonite as the dominant clay mineral in the Ini, Itu Ibiono and Uyo clays. Abundance of major elements showed that SiO2 (10.4 - 42.4%) and Al2O3 (4.4 -15.4%) constitute over 70% of the bulk chemical compositions. Other constituents included Fe2O3, K2O, CaO, Na2O, MgO among others. Additionally, notable disparities exist in the SiO2 and Al2O3 contents of the clays, the Itu clay was the most siliceous while the Ikono clay was the least aluminous compared to the others. Furthermore, the XRF analysis of the clays showed that the Al2O3/SiO2 ratio was higher than 0.38; as expected for montmorillonite content of clays. Therefore, the elemental characteristics of the studied clays revealed that they are suitable for use as drilling mud viscosifiers provided appropriate beneficiation is carried out on them to activate their Calcium-based to Sodium-based bentonitic clays.

ABSTRACT:Iron deficiency anemia is highly prevalent. Dietary improvement by including iron-rich green leafy vegetables is one of the best options for increasing the iron content of the diet. Saravallai (Trianthema portulacastrum linn was used to formulate Saravallai dhal powder (SDP) and incorporated at three, six and ten percent in traditional Indian recipes. The energy, protein, fat ,calcium and iron content of SDP was 450.64±17.78 kcal. 23.74±0.53, 7.94±2.52 g percent. 589.33±8.14 and 27.16±0.76 mg. Ten percent incorporation of SDP did not alter the sensory qualities of rice, murukku, galagala, onion chutney, tomato thokku, potato fry and dhal sambar © 2014 Elixir All rights reserved

From the first stages of learning a new language we were told the best way to learn and memorize vocabulary is through context. However, the way education is taking advantage of technology has made the conventional methods in question. This study is provided to investigate the effect of Email and Context on vocabulary learning in a comparative way. To this end, 16 first-year University students having French as their second language –divided into two groups of eight- were chosen. During 4 weeks of treatment one group was provided with two short stories, each containing 35 unfamiliar French vocabularies from the pre-test, and the same vocabularies were sent to the other group everyday by Email. The results were collected through post-test and a recall test, in addition with an interview for the Email receiving group to learn the participants’ opinions about their learning experience. The post test results did not show any significant difference between the two groups, however the recall test ten days after the experiment showed that the context receiving group was much better in recalling the studied vocabularies than the Email receiving group–although the Email participants were more interested in their learning method. It could be concluded that learning vocabulary through context is still a better help for language learners to store the learnt vocabularies in their memory.

Since the era of the Green Revolution, Agricultural production worldwide experienced much efficiency with a remarkable aim to eradicate threats of food insecurity. This breakthrough was anchored on science and technology. Among the interventions this era saw to date were the use of fertilizers and pesticides in our day-to-day farming activity to boost yield and control pests/diseases. The study assessed farmers’ knowledge in the use of Agrochemicals given their environmental effects such as on water bodies, occupational hazard and safety, disposal, and storage regarding product use. Questionnaires were administered to farmers cultivating vegetables, food, and cash crops under Open-field and Greenhouse managements in respective Production Specification; Organic and Inorganic productions. The study revealed that 85% of respondents who cultivated cash crops such as Cocoa and Rubber heavily relied on the use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides. 35.40%, 32.74%, and 19.47% of respondents disposed of Agrochemical containers using Pit burial, Burn/Incinerate, and Indiscriminate methods, respectively, while 12.39% used ecological (biodegradable) materials. 92.7% of the respondents had knowledge about perilous consequence and yet didn't garment recommended protective apparels during application. It was concluded and recommended that the necessity of Agrochemical for pest, disease and weed control were unavoidable in the smallholder farming business in Ghana, despite the gradual rise of inorganic fertilizer and Integrated Pest Management control products. However, needful actions such as Government policy on educational campaign/programs must be intensified. to help appropriately redress misapplications and chemical residue on fresh food produce.

Ceria stabilized zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) /ceria composites for industrial ceramic applications have been studied. Five samples were prepared, ceria was added to ceria stabilized zirconia/alumina composites by various amounts of (0-20 wt. %). The fabricated samples were sintered at 1600 - 1700oC. The sintered samples were characterized for their physical properties such as bulk density and apparent porosity. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM and mechanical tests. It was observed that the formation of cerium hexaaluminate and cerium zirconate in the studied bodies deteriorates the Vicker hardness and fracture toughness of the ceria stabilized ZTA bodies.

In this paper, to see the climate change on monsoon variability, the analysis of aerosol concentration, Global and surface air temperature over central Indian region and South West (SW) Monsoon season rainfall (June-September) variability have been study. For the study different set of data have been consider. The trend analysis of aerosol concentration and rainfall over different regions of India has been carried out for recent period 1981 to 2002. The analysis reveals that there is decreasing trend in aerosols concentrations and decreasing trend in West central monsoon rainfall goes hand in hand. To see the temperature effect in pre-monsoon months on monsoon variability the Principal component Analysis (PCA) technique is used. By using PCA the monthly temperature gradient series have been prepared. For analysis, the grid (1°*1°) point surface air temperature data taken from the Climate Research Unit (CRU) at the University of East Anglia is used. The analysis is carried out for 105 years 1901-2006. From the analysis it seen that the North South surface air temperature gradient in month of May over the central India can be useful for seasonal prediction of monsoon rainfall over the North East India. To see the global warming effect on rainfall, the analysis of global surface air temperature 125 (1880-2004) years of data have been used. It is found that during warming or cooling episodes, there is a general below-normal rainfall activity over almost all the homogeneous regions expects the CNEI and NEI.

The major sources for cracking in the bridge decks are the settlement cracking. As these cracks continued growth due to the factors effect on the durability of the structures such as chloride and sulfates attacks, corrosion if the reinforcement, freeze-thaw damage and others. So these cracks considered a very severe problem at the life time. The object of this paper is to assess the effect of pozzolanic materials on the settlement cracking of concrete. 85 mixes were cast to explore the aim of this research. The main variables were type of concrete (self-compacted concrete, normal concrete), type of supplementary materials (silica fume, fly ash). 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5% of silica fume as a replacement of cement content was used. 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 % of fly ash as a replacement of cement content were used. The results clearly that the supplementary materials enhanced the micro-structure of the mixes by reducing the settlement cracking compared with the control mixes. Fly ash reduces the settlement cracks more than silica fume. Settlement cracking didn't observe for the self-compacting concrete mixes. Out of this research; decreasing the settlement cracks yield to get better the durability of the structures, eliminate the abrasion and corrosion of the reinforcement. This yield to decreases the cost needed for maintenance and increases the life time of the structures.

This study investigated the total quality management practices and competitiveness in Saudi Arabia contractors. The effectiveness of total quality management initiatives that result in sustainable competitive advantage and enhanced business performance have been a major subject of interest for business and academia. Total quality management is about continuous organisational success based on customer satisfaction and the contribution of all employees constantly working to enhance organisational processes, services, and products. Thus, a quantitative approach using the survey method was employed. With assistance from the Saudi Arabia Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs, survey questionnaires were distributed to selected contractors from across five geographically diverse areas in Saudi Arabia. The collected data were analysed using correlation, multiple regressions. The key findings were the confirmation of significant relationships between all total quality management practices and competitiveness, significant relationships between total quality management practices and quality culture, and a positive relationship between total quality management practices and competitiveness. Furthermore, total quality management practices were found to be able to explain 36.6% of the variance in competitiveness while quality culture explained 12.5% of the variance in competitiveness.

Developing countries face increasing local demand for energy in rural areas, they also have both economic and environmental pressure on agricultural lands. The possibility of growing energy crops such as [Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider] has the potential to enable some smallholder farmers, producers and processors to cope with these pressures. In this concern, A field experiment was carried out at a private farm in Manshyet El Gammal, Tamiah district, Fayum Governorate to study the effect of foliar application with tap water (control),  zinc (300 ppm Zn-EDTA), potassium (2.0% KNO₃) or ascorbic acid (200 ppm) on vegetative growth and some physiological aspects of Jojoba [Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider] under three drip irrigation treatments ( irrigation every 3,5 and 7 days ( represent optimum, moderate and severe water stress. Increasing irrigation interval significantly decreased all the studied growth characters, as well as the content of potassium and zinc.  While it increased the content of chlorophyll a+b , proline, soluble carbohydrates as well as the value of succulence and osmotic potential. Foliar application with potassium, zinc or ascorbic acid positively affected all the growth and physiological criteria of the tested plants compared with (control treatment). Foliar application with potassium surpasses the other foliar application treatments especially by prolonging the irrigation interval period.