Physiology and Anatomy

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is the leading cause of death by poisoning in western countries. Certainly the neurological symptoms are the most common, yet the cardiovascular signs are considerable too and may be responsible of a significant morbidity and mortality. Therefore health professionals must be aware of its diagnosis, treatments and prognostic implications. We report here a case of a patient with a non ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome with positive troponin related to carbon monoxide poisoning.

Cardiovascular dysautonomy is a disturbance of the sympathico-vagal balance in the control of the cardiovascular system. The primary objective of this study was to describe the autonomic profile of chronic hemodialysis patients (CHD). This is a cross-sectional observational study, including 22 patients from the hemodialysis (HD) center of the Ibn Sina University Hospital in Rabat. We observed the different cardiac and nephrological characteristics of the patients; Carried out a study of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) by non-invasive methods and established the autonomic profile of the patients. Dysregulation of the cardiovascular autonomic nervous system was found in 72.7% of patients; Vagal disability was the most pronounced autonomic disorder in 63.6%, followed by central (54.6%) and peripheral (50.0%) sympathetic hyperactivity. In multivariate analysis, only the female sex (p = 0.042) was an independent risk factor for vagal disability; On the other hand, the HD quality was a protective factor (r: -0.56, p =0,021). Intradialysis hypotension and hypertension appear to be respectively related to decreased baroreceptor sensitivity and sympathetic alpha hyperactivity. The underlying mechanisms of this involvement require further studies before treatment strategies can be developed.

Cancer is currently the cause of 12% of all deaths worldwide. The number of cancer deaths annually will increase from about 6 million to 10 million. Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women worldwide, with nearly 1 000 000 new cases diagnosed per year, and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women worldwide. The causes of breast cancer remain largely unknown, but certain reproductive and hormonal factors are clearly related to risk. It is reported that one in 22 women in India is likely to suffer from breast cancer during her lifetime. The medical records of 200 patients treated at the Mahavir Cancer Institute and research Centre for breast cancer between 2005 and 2008 with perspective age of first pregnancy and menstrual status were reviewed. In present study we can observe that breast cancer cases were more found in pre menopausal women i.e.: 59 % than post menopausal women i.e.: 41%. Most women of the study were belonging to low socieo-economic status from rural area. They have average first pregnancy on 17.95 years of age. Thus it is concluded that early pregnancy having no protective role in breast cancer but they develop breast cancer in early age.

Abstract Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of structurally related proteins that degrade most if not all components of the extracellular matrix and basement membranes in a zinc dependent manner at a physiological PH. Cadmium is one of environmental pollutants arising from electroplating, fertilizers, pigment and plastic manufactures, most animals with scrotal testes are susceptible to cadmium–induced testicular toxicity. In this sense, This study conducted to investigate the effect of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) injection with different dose on the quantitative expression of MMP-2 and immunohistochemistry of male rats testes. 30 male Wister rats were conducted in this study , control group received saline IP (n = 10), CdCl2 treated group (n=10) were injected IP with of 5 mg/kg B.W., the third group (n= 10) which injected IP of CdCl2 in dose 10 mg / kg BW. The injections were twice per week continued for 3 weeks. The animals were euthanized and testicular tissues were collected and used for RNA extraction and real time PCR for quantitative expression of MMP-2 and immunohistochemical demonstration. We have found MMP-2 in control groups expressed in the leydig cells and sertoli cells and different stages of spermatogenesis. After injection of CdCl2 (5mg) of male rats showed decrease the quantity and expression of MMP-2 in the testicular tissue P<0.05 compare with control group, the group injected with (10mg) CdCl2 recorded more decrease of MMP-2 expression (P<0.01). In conclusion, our results highlight that cadmium directly cause reduction the quantity of MMP-2 in the testes without induced any inflammation in testicular tissue, the reduction of MMP-2 interfere with down regulation of reproductive activity that may lead to infertility due to environmental exposure to toxic metals of male.

Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis is a rare clinical entity. It is clinically manifested by neuropsychiatric disorders that accompanies or precedes most often the discovery of the cancer.We report an interesting case of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis with anti-Ma2 antibody in a man of 51yers with only apparently benign microcalcification of the testes on imaging, and whose histopathological examination revealed a seminomatous germ cell tumor.

The present study aimed to describe the risk factors of Congenital malformation recognizable at birth in newborns in Marrakech Hospital from March 1 to May 31, 2017 on a sample of 40 cases of CM. The results showed that the mothers of the malformed children are young from a socioeconomic and cultural background. The malformations found were Hypospadias (30%) and hydrocephalus (28%). The etiological factors found were consanguinity, heredity, consumption of fenugreek, self-medication, no intake of folic acid during pregnancy. Considerable means for the motivation of health professionals to cope with the means of prevention and the constraints of nursing care

The development of the kidney begins on the 4th week with three slightly overlapping kidney systems during intrauterine life in humans. The series are pronephros, mesonephros, and metanephros. During day 22 of human gestation, there is the formation of pronephros in the cervical region of the embryo. The mesonephros is developed after the pronephros is developed. Mesonephric duct develops an out pouching, the ureteric bud near its attachment to the cloaca during the fifth week of gestation. Congenital anomalies may arise from the failure of the ureteric bud to develop or malrotation.

chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome is a prevalent urological disorder among men of all ages. Risk factors include conditions that facilitate introduction of bacteria into the urethra and prostate,Patients with chronic prostatitis/pelvic pain syndrome typically report genital or pelvic pain (in or around the penis, perineum, scrotum) lasting > 3 months. Treatment remains controversial and not consensual, the purpose of this article is to remind different therapeutic options available trough a literature review.

In clinical practice, retroperitoneal schwannoma is uncommonly seen. This is a rare benign retroperitoneal tumor. Often unexpected preoperatively, diagnosis is based on post-operative histopathologic examination of surgical specimen. At an incidence estimated at 4%, benign and malignant schwannomas represent about 0.6% and 1.8% respectively of schwannomas in the retroperitoneum region. Both sexes are equally affected and the patient’s age is often between 30 and 60 years. Clinical signs are nonspecific. Patients present unexplained lumbar or abdominal pain due to compression of neighboring organs. Total tumor excision has a therapeutic effect and a good prognosis. The case of a 45-year-old female patient in whom was discovered incidentally at ultrasound a left prerenal tissue mass measuring about 6 cm is reported. Further imaging notably, computed tomography revealed this mass in juxtaposition though non-adherent to the left kidney, aorta and the renal pedicle. She underwent a total excision of the tumor by open surgery. Histopathology of the surgical specimen revealed retroperitoneal schwannoma. The patient was discharged five days after surgery with a good prognosis with a follow-up of 15 months.

The urachus is developmentally the upper part of the bladder, both being derived from the ventral cloaca. This part of the bladder narrows more, but retains in miniature. It is then known as the urachus. The urachus shares in the post-partum descent of the bladder, and in the adult is a cone-shaped structure passing up from the bladder apex, and attached to the umbilicus only by adventitial bands derived from the umbilical arteries which it has pulled down in its descent. Like the bladder it has a peritoneal and an extra-peritoneal surface and has the transversalis fascia on its outer and the peritoneum on its inner surface. The lumen of the urachus remains patent throughout life, though it may be plugged in places by masses of epithelial cells which have peeled or come off in scales from the walls of its canal.