Social Sciences

What should we do when the customer service is poor or when we buy a faulty product but the store does not let us return it? We should resolve such problems through complaining effectively. Having a good command of grammatical rules and vocabulary of the language is necessary but it is not enough; the ability to produce language that is socially and culturally appropriate is a real asset in settling such problems. This study attempted to compare the pragmatic competence of Iranian EFL learners with that of native speakers of English language when they find it necessary to perform the speech act of complaint. Ten Iranian EFL students of Azad University in Lahijan served as the subjects of this study. The data were collected through comparing the complaint letters written by American native speakers with those by Iranian EFL learners. The responses were analyzed in terms of the main components of complaints. The findings indicated that American native speakers and Iranian EFL learners showed different pragmatic behaviors.

The balance of physical, emotional, spiritual and intellectual student can be generated from both the academic and non-academic education. Student involvement in co-curricular activities can help to shape the soft skills of the students as the supply of self-promotion in the workplace. Student involvement, directly or indirectly can improve their soft skills, especially problem-solving skills that have a low percentage of the graduates in the country. The researchers wanted to investigate the students' perceptions of involvement in co-curricular activities to enhance the development of soft skills.

This research examines the effects of personality characteristics of mothers on the level of socialization and desocialization of preschoolers. Survey prepared in accordance with the purpose has been applied to parents and teachers of three different nurseries in Atasehir, Istanbul. The data attained from the surveys have been evaluated with SPSS statistics program in computer environment. In determining the levels of the social adaptation and maladaptation of preschoolers and showing their mothers’ personality characteristics, average and standard deviation statistics were used, to determine the relations between mothers’ personal characteristics and the children’s state of social adaptation and maladaptationthe correlation analysis and in determining the effects of the personal characteristics on children’s state of social adaptation and maladaptation regression analysis were used. As the result of the research, it has been found out that the preschoolers are affected by their mothers’ personal traits of compatibleness and emotional disorder negatively. As the mothers’ level of showing their responsibility and emotional disorder personal traits increases, the children’s social maladaptation level decreases. Other personal characteristics do not affect the social adaptation and the maladaptation level of children.

Square is most likely the first among the urban spaces created by human. It is definite that the more the functional flexibility of square is, the more ability it will have to stimulate people from different ages and levels to come more often there. Unfortunately, removing public activities of the square in modern age has made it lose its main role in encouraging social delight, social- cultural, interaction and social solidarity. Naghsh-e-Jahan square is a trace of worthwhile squares in Iran that its unique role has been neglected because of irresponsible interventions. In the present research, descriptive procedure with case study had been used. People’s priorities have been asset by statistical questionnaires consists of 10 questions. Questionnaires filled out by both locals (n=70) & tourists (n=35) in 2010. According to the criteria research and the results of questionnaires, socio-cultural & physical design recommendations are suggested for the future planning and designs in the square.

To entrust the lives of sacrifice, to give the children right from the first week to the coinciding names bear. Everyone from the people, both male and female shall, by means of the right hand, or from the right is not. Isaac Sultan Morad was the first king of the dynasty of the old one from the right path A third reason is that the family should be the same as those selected by him, and the fourth is devoted to every single nut or dynamic And fifth from right to capitulate a white piece of cloth so it is important to say at the beginning of the creation God also led Pyrbnyamyn and friends Pyrbnyamyn and David confessed.

Region V, also known as the Bicol Region, is one of the seventeen regions in the Philippines. An organization in the region known as the Bicol Autonomy Movement claims that for a very long time its people have entrusted the region’s destiny to the national government which had been perennially accused of poor governance, and relegated the region to social and economic oblivion. The movement asserts regional autonomy so that Region V can rise up from the bondage of poverty and neglect (Jimenez, 2006). This study examined the actual revenues of the cities, municipalities and provinces of the Bicol Region, and the actual and projected revenues from national taxes collected locally through the Bureau of Internal Revenue. Then it proceeds with projected expenditures of setting up new governance structures for the Bicol Autonomous Regional Government, separate and distinct from existing expenditures of local government units. As an ending note, the paper brings forward some points that may be considered by the Bicol Autonomous Movement in terms of fiscal sustainability.

This research proposes a different conception of knowledge economy by examining knowledge as a philosophical term and by arguing against Peter Drucker’s conception of knowledge economy. It primarily seeks to address the problem on how the Philippine education responds to the challenge posed by knowledge economy as contrastively conceived here. The research explains how the performance of Philippine education in the past decades, though demonstrating quantitative growth particularly during the 60s and 70s, failed to produce a real qualitative growth adequate to impact on the Philippine knowledge economy. It also substantiates the writer’s claim that there are types of knowledge economy, and that of the Philippines exemplifies a particular type. Though it aims to reach the type of knowledge of economy that characterized those countries in the First World, the Philippine education has to harness first the potential of its present type of knowledge economy by improving the curriculum and teacher education as well as by focusing on BPO, Service-Oriented, and low-end technological courses. This paper ends by proposing a new curriculum for its basic education, secondary education, and tertiary education. It views additional two years of education not as one of the options anymore but the only option to address the present woes in education that are slowly becoming irreversible.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between perceived social support and achievement motivation and personality of students of Payam Noor University is Gilangharbcity. This study is a descriptive and correlational terms. The population in this study, all students in Year 912011 to 2012 PNU city Gilangharb that number is 1,100, and the number 290, according to Morgan, and cluster sampling were randomly selected.Data collection tools, including questionnaires, self-concept questionnaire hardiness Ahvaz, questionnaires SCL-90-R, Locus of Control Scale (Drvny- external), Rutter (1996), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), motivation scale education (Ams), form studentsData using multiple regression, Pearson correlation coefficient and T (mean difference test) were no analyzes of the data analysis showed that the perceived social support and personality characteristics (self-confidence, tenacity, anxiety, locus of control) there is a student progress and motivation.

Language and Culture are not separately of each other's. Over than 10 decades in the EFL classroom in many countries have been taught Cross-Cultural and also it is emphasis on familiar to culture. Therefore this study reports the effect of teaching Intercultural Competence on Cultural Awareness of EFL learners in English classroom. The data were collected from advance level based on standard Cultural awareness questionnaire to homogenized learners who are selected in both Female and Male. The range of learners who are examined 83 that taught reading text about the different and similarities of both languages in addition in their classroom to improve their cultural awareness, the resulting of this research by Cronchbach shows that it is effecting when familiarize the learners to both Persian and English language. It makes aware to some aspect of mother tongue and target language differs. The SPSS shows that the correlation coefficient between Intercultural and Cultural awareness is positive.

Dynamism pumps the blood to the body of society; therefore, the dynamic and communicative nature of language can not only be considered integral in teaching, but also in assessing a language. Recently, all over the world traditional ways of assessment are trading place with more communicative ones. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate whether dynamic and formative assessment had significantly different impact on improving the listening skills of Iranian EFL Learners. To do so, 90 intermediate male and female learners from a language school in Tehran were elected. A piloted PET was administered as homogeneity test and 60 learners were selected as the participants and randomly assigned into two groups of thirty. To make sure that there is no statistically significant difference between the performances of the two groups in the beginning of the research a listening pretest of PET was administered in both experimental groups. In one group dynamic assessment, through teaching metacognitive strategies, was administered on learners' listening skills, while the other group's listening skill was assessed formatively. After fourteen sessions a posttest of PET was administered for both groups. The evaluation of the findings showed that the dynamically assessed group outperformed the formative one.