Applied Botany

Solanaceae and Araceae are the important hosts of Phytophathora. Phytophthora infestans is a common facultative saprophytes as well as facultative parasites, one of the most common species of Phytophthora is P. infestans , causing the disease called late blight of Potato or Potato blight. Cool- temperature between 22-23Oc and excess of water favours the growth of this fungus, In Nepal as well as in India, P. infestans is found in the plain and the hilly area. Erwin (1983,1996), Trout et.al. (1997) Gupta (2000) & Gopalan et.al.(2019) studied well P.infestans, while Sharma et.al.(2019) mentioned inter- relationship of Pohyploids of P.infestans with temperature

The use of Nyctanthes Cu corrosion behavior was tested in aerated aqueous solutions of NaCl and KCl for different pH values. Polarization resistance (R¬¬p) measurements, polarization curves and AC impedance technique were used to obtain experim ental data. Nyctanthes found to exhibit ctionic type in acidic media solution of NaCl and KCl. The impedance spectra and curves at different potentials showed that the corrosion process of metal was characterized by two distinguishable capacitance loops. The charge transfer resistance Rt and polarization resistance, Rp values calculated from the interpretation of Nyquist and Boad plots were in agreement with the results of the other techniques.

Organic agriculture, as an adaptation strategy to climate change, is a concrete and promising option for rural communities and has additional potential as a mitigation strategy. The management of soil organic matter is critical to maintain a sustainable productive organic farming system. They possess many desirable soil properties and exert beneficial effect on the soil physical, chemical and biological characteristics as well as a sink for carbon dioxide sequestration to mitigate the negative impacts of climate changes. In this regard, a field experiment was carried out in a private sandy soil farm in Manshyet El Gammal, Tamiah, Fayum. Egypt to evaluate the effect of mineral and organic fertilizer treatments on growth and some chemical constituent of Jatropha curcas L. The results revealed that there were significantly differences between the fertilization treatment with superiority to the treatment T11 (50% Mineral fertilizer dose + 50% Chicken manures dose + Inoculation with cerialene) which produced the highest values for all the studied vegetative growth parameters as well as photosynthetic pigments content (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids) and macronutrients contents (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium).

Tomato fruit is used commonly as vegetables of different preparations - tomato juice, tomato ketchup, tomato soup. 3 fruits of 96, 40 & 20 gms selected due to showing symptoms of early blight of Alternaria solani as well as symptoms of Aspergillus niger. The area 0.09 Cm2 & 0.01 Cm2 in the first tomato (96gms), 1.38 Cm2 in second (40gms) and 1.47 Cm2 in third (20gms). All the spotted area were cut off and observed on Date 21.12.2020 at 2-3 P.M in the laboratory, Department of Botany, M.M.A.M. Campus, Biratnagar.

Seeds bags of Moringa oleifera were transplanted into a field on the Teaching and Research Farm of Ekiti State University, Ado- Ekiti, Nigeria at 30 x 40cm (81,833 plants ha-1), 40 x 60cm (41,667 plant ha-1), 60 x 80cm (20, 833 plant ha-1) and 100 x 100cm (10,000 plants ha-1). Cured poultry manure was applied at 3MT.ha-1 one week before transplanting and thereafter at two month interval. No fertilizer or irrigation was applied throughout the duration of the experiment. Fodder was harvested from the top to tender stems at 60 days after transplanting and fresh and dry weights were measured. Regrowths were harvested at 30-day intervals during the wet (60, 90, 120 and 150 days after transplanting) and dry (210, 240, 270 and 300 days after transplanting) season. Regrowth height was measured at each cutting day and harvesting involved the tender portion of stem. The 30 x 40cm spacing produced the highest fodder yield (14.89 ton ha-1) which was significantly higher than other spacings. Fodder yield in the wet season (7.6MT.ha-1) was significantly higher than that of dry season (2.79MT.ha-1). Also, there was a positive correlation between the fodder yield and the amount of precipitation in all the months under study. However, plant spacing did not significantly affect regrowth height (p> 0.05) of Moringa oleifera in this area. It was therefore concluded that the agronomic potentials of Moringa oleifera is implicated for its use as an alternative feed resource for small ruminants in South Western Nigeria.

Plants are an integral part nature. These are the life sustaining force on the earth. Local communities regularly use medicinal plants for treatment of diseases, wounds, fractures and other ailments. Tribal areas in the district of Nagaur were visited to collect informations on ethnomedicinal plants used by local people, Vendors, Ojha, Bhopa, Bhagat, Vaidyas and Sadhus. The preset investigation in aimed to create awareness about the ethnomedicinal value of the plants and their uses to draw the attention of pharmacologists, phyto chemists and pharmaceutical.

9 potted plants of Rosa sp., in which 3 R. indica L. and others hybrid Rosa sp. 10 & 2 years old respectively werye observed the sequence of formation of dried or dead stems and alive stems. New branches and bud formed after cutting on date 6/11/2020 and the observation on date 27/11/2020 i.e. within 21 days. Fusarium oxysporum causing the wilting or dried condition in Rosa sp. was confirmed in the Laboratory of Department of Botany, M.M.A.M. CAMPUS, BIRATNAGAR, T.U, U NEPAL on Date 22/11/2020 at 1-2.15 P.M as characterised by Synder & Hansen (1940, 1941,1945)27,28,29 Synder (1965)30, Dube (1983)3 & Mehrotra (1980)11.

Antibacterial activity of chloroform and methanol extracts of Phellinus switeniae (Murr.) S. Herrera and Bondart were studied. The activity was evaluated by well assay method and microtiter plate dilution method using sixteen strains of Acinetobacter baumanii Bouvet & Grimont. The methanol extract of Phellinus switeniae showed activity against all strains of Acinetobacter but no activity has been found in case of chloroform extract of Phellinus switeniae against all strains of bacteria. Methanol extract of Phellinus switeniae was found to be efficient against human pathogenic Acinetobacter, as low MIC values seen.

This study was carried out to determine the in-vitro anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic and phytochemical constituents of the methanolic leaves extract of Citrullus colocynthis. The results of this study show that Citrullus colocynthish has strong antioxidant potentials against various radicals. The extract concentration-dependently scavenges DPPH radicals with IC50 of 357.14µg/ml compared to 16.32µg/ml of standard gallic acid, scavenge nitric oxide radicals with IC50 of 234µg/ml compared to 20.5µg/ml of standard ascorbic acid and has 20% activity of standard ascorbic acid ferric reducing power. The extract also inhibited induction of lipid peroxidation and ?-Amylase activity in a concentration-dependent manner in cell free assays with highest concentration of the extract inhibiting lipid peroxidation and ?-Amylase activity by 72% at 500µg/ml and 91% at 250µg/ml respectively. The phytochemical constituents of the extract were determined, qualitative assays employed revealed the presence of various phytochemicals in the extract and the amount of total phenolics, flavonoids and flavonol were found to be 58.76mg GAE/g, 2.01mg RE/g and 0.13mg RE/g respectively. Gas-chromatography analysis of the extract revealed the possible presence of albumin, ascorbic acid, beta carotene, vicilins, tocotrienols, lutin, 2-tetradcyclobutane, 2-dodecyclobutane. The presence of phenolics and various antioxidant compounds in the plants may explain the strong pharmacological potentials of the plant.

Plants have been an important source of medicine for thousands of years. Recently, the world health organization estimated that upto 80% of people still rely mainly on traditional remedies such as herbs for their medicines. In the present study various plant parts of Tridax procumbens were evaluated separately for the presence of primary metabolites. Tridax procumbens Linn belongs to family Asteraceae, and commonly known as Dhaman grass, is a common herb. It is employed as an indigenous medicine for variety of ailments including Jaundice. The plant also has hepatoprotective activity and it is used in Ayurveda in various liver disorders. Phytochemical screening and quantification of primary metabolites in different plant parts i.e leaf and stem (in vivo) as well as its callus (in vitro) quantification revealed the presence of total soluble sugars, proteins, lipids chlorophyll and proline. It showed higher concentration of total soluble sugar, lipid and protein in leaves whereas chlorophyll content and proline was found higher in callus as compared to other parts of plant.