Materials Science

The construction of complex model of titan-magnetite granule formation of powdered materials in drum granulators taking into account of anisotropy of structure and laminating on surface is considered. It has been noted that granule formation proceeds in some stages depending on relaxation time of embryo formation. On the base of model a graphic interpretation of process of laminating of powder on surface is cited. Rheological model of compact of granules under action of external deformation stresses allowing to estimate the change of porosity and density in time of arrive is presented. The comparison of calculation and experimental results for evolution of distribution of granules on sizes has been presented.

Abstract Single crystals of pure and potassium chloride (KCl) doped zinc (tris) thiourea sulphate (ZTS) were grown from aqueous solution by slow evaporation method. The unit cell parameters and crystal structure were determined by powder X – ray diffraction. The chemical compositions of the crystals were determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The cut off wavelength of the grown crystals was determined by UV-visible absorption spectra. The second harmonic generation of crystals was confirmed by Kurtz powder method using Nd: YAG laser. The dielectric response of the grown crystal was varied with varying frequencies. Microhardness test was also carried out on the samples to study the mechanical stability of the grown crystals.

The effect of DOP plasticizer percentage on limiting oxygen index and thermal stability of plasticised PVC was investigated in this paper. DOP was added PVC with various quantities (20, 30, and 50) pphr. LOI and thermal stability instruments used for estimating LOI and thermal stability of plasticised PVC as a function to DOP percentage. The results showed that the thermal stability of plasticised PVC was improved by increasing DOP percentage, but in the same time has a reverse behavior where the LOI decreases as the DOP percentage increases.

As a frequent phenomenon, paradoxes often occur in physics. In electromagnetic, paradox arises mainly due to the existence of bulk conductor in the loop. The paradoxes are analyzed by two experiments. The experimental results demonstrated that the law of flux should not be used to solve some problems, otherwise paradox may arise.

Nanotechnology, involving the development of nanoscaled pharmaceutical delivery devices. The micelles, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, vesicles, Nanogel, nanocrystals, dendrimers, nanotubes and have been used as strategies to deliver conventional pharmaceuticals or substances such as peptides, recombinant proteins, vaccines and nucleotides. Nanocarriers and other colloidal pharmaceutical delivery systems modify many physicochemical properties, thus resulting in changes in the body distribution and other pharmacological processes. These changes can lead to pharmaceutical delivery at specific sites and reduce side effects. Therefore, Nanocarriers can improve the therapeutic efficiency, being excellent carriers for biological molecules, including enzymes, recombinant proteins and nucleic acid. This review discusses different pharmaceutical carrier systems, and their potential and limitations in the field of pharmaceutical technology. Products with these technologies which have been approved by the FDA in different clinical phases and which are on the market will be also discussed.

A series of linear microporous polymers were successfully prepared by conventional nucleophilic substitution reaction of several newly synthesized tetrachloro-monomers with commercially available 5,5’,6,6’-tetrahydroxy-3,3,3’,3’-tetramethylspirobisindane. From the porosity analysis it is clear that the prepared polymers are analogous to polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) with high surface area (350-800 m2/g). The t-plot analysis shown that the major contribution to the specific surface area is arising from the micropore surface area with narrow size distribution of ultramicropores as confirmed by the Horvath-Kawazoe (H-K) analysis. The hydrogen storage capacity of the prepared PIM-SI-(1-7)s were promising (up to 1.26 wt%, 77 K, at 1.13 bar) with high isoteric heats of H2 adsorption (8.5 kJ/mol). The results of this study demonstrate that we can use cheaper chlorinated monomers (instead of fluoro-monomers ) provide a uniform intrinsic microporous in the target polymers.

Simple technique was used for formation of carbon nanomaterials without using any type of gases .The used arc plasma technique between the pure graphite electrodes with different diameters for anode submerged in water at room temperature.arc plasma is produced using D.C power supply with current (30-90amp),and voltage (5-20volt).The nanomaterials were produced in the form of floating on the surface of water and other nanomaterials deposited on the bottom of the container and the other deposit on the cathode's rod,and nanocolloidal dispersed through the water. The results of these experiments were examined by Atomic force microscope(AFM), scanning electron microscope(SEM) Simple technique was used for formation of carbon nanomaterials without using any type of gases .The used arc plasma technique between the pure graphite electrodes with different diameters for anode submerged in water at room temperature.arc plasma is produced using D.C power supply with current (30-90amp),and voltage (5-20volt).The nanomaterials were produced in the form of floating on the surface of water and other nanomaterials deposited on the bottom of the container and the other deposit on the cathode's rod,and nanocolloidal dispersed through the water. The results of these experiments were examined by Atomic force microscope(AFM), scanning electron microscope(SEM) and the cathode's rod were examined by optical microscope after arc plasma.

Polymer matrix composites (PMC) materials had acquired much attention in the field of Aeronautics over the recent decades as high strength-lightweight materials. These abundantly available fibres are embedded with a light polymer matrix resulting in a high strength and light weight fibre reinforced polymer composites. In this paper, we have investigated the mechanical behaviour of fabricated composite materials with seven different combinations consists of Bamboo/E-glass fiber as a reinforcing agents and polyester as a polymer matrix. Several tests have been carried out to enhance the properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength, hardness and impact strength and it was compared for different orientations (±30º). It is reported that the hybridization of the constituents with 20% of Glass, 10% of Bamboo shows better Tensile strength, Flexural strength and Hardness number than other combinations examined.

Good optical quality single crystals of pure and glycine doped zinc tris thiourea sulphate (ZTS) were grown from aqueous solution by slow evaporation technique at ambient temperature. The grown crystals were subjected to various studies such as powder X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis spectral analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA)-Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies and second harmonic generation (SHG). Powder X-ray diffraction of pure and glycine doped samples reveals some minor structural variations. Changes in intensity patterns and slight shift in peak positions are observed because of doping. The UV-vis spectrum shows that the materials have wide optical transparency in the entire visible region. The SHG efficiency of the crystals was found to increase substantially with increase in glycine concentration. The presence of dopant has been confirmed and analyzed by FTIR. TGA and DSC analysis confirmed that the thermal stability of grown crystal is increasing with the doping concentration of glycine. Mechanical properties of the grown pure and glycine doped crystals were studied by using HMV-2T microhardness testor.

The process of quality assurance in a testing laboratory should reveal that the method and the analytical instrument give precise and accurate results, or whether aggravation occurs. The quality measures should comprise standard tests which give information on the characteristic performance of the method used by the laboratory. According to the literature, useful standard procedures contributing to the overall quality of analytical results are illustrated in relation with optical emission spectrometry. Parameters examined are general requirements for a complete quality system according to ISO/IEC 17025:2008 international standard including accuracy and precision. The performance of the whole system to measurement of samples of interest must be monitored with control charts. Data representing the routine performance of emission spectrometer systems and methods permit predicting long-term uncertainties and confidence intervals