Social Studies

The goal of this study was to evaluate Distortion Product Otoacoustic emissions in the normal hearing subjects regarding to the following variables; ear side & gender. The purpose of this work is to study the influence of the ear side and gender on the distortion product Otoacoustic emission of normal hearing Iraqi population of age (21-30) years. The decision about whether a Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission is present often depends on a visual assessment of the response along with certain objective criteria, such as DP1 level (amplitude) and the signal-to-noise ratio of the response compared to the noise. DPOAEs were considered present when the signal was at least 3 dB above the corresponding noise level. In the present study, the overall SNR for each tested ear was more than 3 dB SPL at the overall frequency bands. The findings from this study revealed an ear asymmetry and gender effect on the parameters of the DPOAEs (SNRs dB SPL &DP1 level dB) in Iraqi subjects. Right ears were found to produce higher DPOAEs-SNRs than left ears and The DPOAEs (DP1 level dB) in the right ears was higher than that in the left ears .The minimum value of the whole Signal-to-noise ratio (SNRs) recorded for all tested ears was above 3 dB SPL over frequency bands 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 kHz. The mean value of the whole SNRs in 56 ears was (10.53 dB SPL), ranged from 3.0 to 28.30 dB SPL. In females; the mean value of whole SNRs (11.27 dB SPL) was higher than that in males (9.8 dB SPL). The mean value of SNRs in the right ears female (11.38 dB SPL) was higher than that in the left ears female (11.16 dB SPL), while in male; the mean value of SNRs in the right ears male (10.08 dB SPL) was higher than that in the left ears male (9.52 dB SPL). The results show The minimum and the maximum value of the whole Distortion product (DP1 Level) recorded for all tested ears (56) was -10.7 and 25.6 dB respectively over frequency bands 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 kHz. The mean value of the whole DP1 level in 56 ears was (6.50 dB), ranged from (-10.7 to 25.6 dB). In females; the mean value of whole DP1 Level (7.72 dB) was higher than that in males (5.28 dB). The mean value of DP1 level in the right ears female (8.22 dB) was higher than that in the left ears female (7.23 dB), while in male; the mean value of DP1 level in the right ears male (5.58 dB) was higher than that in the left ears male (4.98 dB).

Cheap is definitely cheerful. Included here are several designers and artists, who have turned their backs on the high prices of high fashion to make clothing and accessories out of the most abundant and inexpensive materials. In any single culture, the definition of what constitutes an extreme fashion may be agreed upon; but extreme fashion, like beauty, is in the eye of the beholder. Trash items such as attachments, extensions, tapes, plastics, cartons, paper, and wire could be starting materials for innovative extraordinary details and additions in clothing design. The objective of this paper is to develop strategic thinking in designing in order to achieve viable solutions for fashion designing. Design extreme ideas for give final shape by draping in three dimensional feeling to create fashion designs usage as source to new fashion trend, as fantasy clothing, and fashion windows display stores. Create ten designs using trash materials as a source of extreme fashionable designs.

A discourse marker (henceforth DM) is defined as a word or phrase that does not change the meaning of the sentence and has a somehow zero meaning. DMs are a set of linguistic items which create cohesiveness, coherence and meaning in discourse. An extensive body of research has examined DMs and their functions in different languages. Having considered the significance of this area of language and the fact that few studies have focused on DMs in local languages of Iran, the present study intended to target the different functions of Freidanian variety of Azeri Turkish DMs – ?ey, yani, and da– in an interview situation to compare them with those of Istanbuli Turkish corresponding DMs as the standard variety. To this aim, 12 native speakers of Freidanian Turkish were selected and their speeches were recorded for further analysis. Detailed analysis of the data revealed that ?ey primarily functions to signal the speaker’s need for a pause to plan and organize his/her next message. yani mostly functions to illustrate the speaker’s elaboration of previous utterances, and da can serve a discourse connective function with an additive or adversative sense. A preliminary comparison revealed that the functions manifested by these DMs in Freidanian Turkish are not so far from their corresponding DMs in the Istanbuli Turkish. However, compared to the Istanbuli variety, ?ey in our variety marked an additional function of derogation. In the case of da, other functions aside, this DM can serve to emphasize the action of the verb which is absent in Istanbuli Turkish.

Subject of this study the effect of exercise in the elderly depression Reduction of Iran. Topic of our method in this quasi-experimental research is descriptive. All statistics are elderly the community who live in the abode of the elderly are. This study, 300 samples were 300 elderly women and the elderly Iranian were selected randomly to test the pre-test and the test is. The choice of abode in the elderly has been chosen. Test tool in this study is that Beck is Standard Beck Depression Inventory test, and includes 124 questions based on 36 different aspects , In this study, we want to consider whether the exercise program in reducing depression tired and helpless these people will be effective. Statistical method used in this study, t-test method is for each time (pre-test and test) was performed separately.

This paper analysed the causes, genesis, development, and nature of migrant labour among the Nandi of Kenya. It employed the Materialism approach, the Pull-push theory, a qualitative design, purposive sampling, and one hundred respondents. It found out that land alienation, colonial land policy, the creation of African reserves, land scarcity in reserves, taxation system, changes in local production and trade, the population explosion in reserves. Also, forced-labour, colonial administration, sore relationships, prestige, selfish attitudes and poverty, pass system, veterinary quarantine and a decrease in wages and prices of stock contributed to labour migration among the Nandi.

Although the pervasive problem of child abuse and complex with many causes, we must approach towards prevention of failure to do will not receive. Despite the absence of evidence to guide prevention efforts, many doctors may attempt to prevent the abuse and at least shows the growing concern for parents or jobs and increase our efforts to improve their skills as parents or caregivers may help save our most vulnerable patients from abuse and neglect nightmare. There have been cases with a high degree child abuse going back decades, according to joint and several non-care organizations. Query followed by a commentator to say that signs of "beginning of modern political, professional and public interest in child abuse." This article about the different ways.

The phenomenon of alienation that Marx, unlike that of limited means, is not only of the economic structure, but also have been a widespread subjective and objective orientation in human and economic structure is a part of it. Alienation of Iranian society as a society in transition is a sociological problem. In the past decades, especially in the sixties that rapid social changes undermined the traditional values and customs, modernism dealing with traditionalism without being able to create conceptions and cultural identity created two-fold condition which the result can be considered as social- political alienation. Given the importance of the youth in this study followed by a discussion of the relationship between alienation from the political system, political participation, the use of local media, the use of foreign media, economic - social, age and gender as independent variables. social - Political alienation as the dependent variable we are. The results suggest that variable other than economic - social, there is a significant relationship between independent and dependent variables.

The central issue in this work is to examine the role the Christian Association of Nigeria (CAN) played in the 2015 Presidential election in Nigeria. To unravel this, we employed the historical and phenomenological method in our analysis and arrived at the finding that CAN ahead of the 2015 presidential election was divided along denominational and ideological lines and consequently could not speak with one voice. Given this finding, the paper maintains that the age-long denominational rivalry between the Catholic Church and Protestants is far from being over; hence the difficulty in arriving at a unanimous decision. The paper concludes with Darrel Lee that “the body of Christ can only thrive when believers work together in harmony” (Ehianu, 2007:119)

The present study is an attempt to assess the influence of age and locality on coping strategies among Iranian women in Esfahan Province. A total of 880 Iranian women randomly selected from Esfahan province for the present study. They were administered coping checklist , which measured coping strategies in healthy cognitive, social support, spiritual related, physical activity related, problem solving, unhealthy coping, and high risk coping. The results were analyzed through One-way ANOVA. Results revealed that in unhealthy coping habits, respondents below 20 years, 21-35 years and 51-65 years found to use more of unhealthy coping habits compared to other age groups. Further, significant differences between women from rural and urban areas in physical activity related, problem solving, and unhealthy cognitive strategies. Social work measures to improve the conditions of women in general have been discussed.

The study is conducted in order to identify the role of Non-Governmental organizations in community development in Ideato North LGA of Imo State. The objective of the study is to examine the role of non-governmental organizations in community development in Ideato North Local Government Area of Imo State. Three research questions were raised for the study while three hypotheses were formulated. The survey research design was adopted for the study. The population size is 118,519 while the sample size is 100, and to get the sample size, the Taro Yamani formula was used. The questionnaire was the main instrument used for data collection. The data collected was subjected to simple validity and reliability tests. The analysis of the data was based on statistical frequency tables, and chi-square x technique was used to test the level of significance. Some of the findings were that non-governmental organization has helped in the rapid community development in Ideato North. Based on the findings, recommendations were made for improvement. Serious efforts were made by the NGO's to bring about a uniform development in the communities in Ideato North LGA of Imo State.