Applied Chemistry

The Schiff base, 3-(-1-(2-pyrimidinylimino)methyl-2-napthol with NO chromophores have been synthesised and its Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes isolated. The ligand coordinates to the metal ions in the ratio 2L: 1M, through the azomethine N and napthol O atoms, resulting in N2O2 chromophores around the central metal atom. The % metal, infrared (IR) and electronic spectral measurements are consistent with the adoption of a 4-coordinate square planar/ tetrahedral geometry for the metal complexes. The infrared spectra show lone vC=N, vM-N and vM-O bands for the metal complexes in the range 1649-1655 cm-1, 579-599 cm-1 and 410-497 cm-1 respectively, indicative of the existence of geometric isomerism, and the complexes are in the cis-isomeric forms. Further evidence of coordination is the higher melting points of the complexes in the range 237-301oC in comparison with that of the ligand at 92-94oC. The in-vitro antibacterial studies show that the Schiff base and its Zn(II) complex exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial activities against Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella oxytoca, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis like ciprofloxacin (30.0-50.5 mm) with inhibitory zones range of 14.0-20.0 and 12.0-17.5 mm respectively in the same assay.

Synthesis, spectroscopic (IR and electronic) and in-vitro antibacterial properties of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pd(II) complexes of the enolimines derived from condensation of p-nitroaniline and benzoyl trifluoroacetone (HL1) / theonyltrifluoroacetone (HL2) were reported. The ligands coordinated to the metal ions through the azomethine N and enol O atoms in ratio 1M: 1L, resulting in complexes of the type [ML1NO3].xH2O, [ML2(CH3COO)].xH2O and [PdL(Cl)H2O]. The IR and electronic spectral measurements were consistent with the adoption of a 4-coordinate square planar/ tetrahedral geometry for the metal complexes. The in-vitro antibacterial studies of the Schiff bases and their metal(II) complexes against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella oxytoca, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli revealed that HL1 and its metal complexes were generally more active than HL2 and its complexes. Interestingly, [Zn(L1)NO3].½H2O, [Pd(L1)Cl(H2O)] and [Ni(L2)2] had broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli with inhibitory zones range of 12.5-22.0 mm proving their potential usefulness as broad-spectrum antibacterial agents.

The validity of equation-of-state (EOS) of geophysical minerals is very important for various scientific fields including geophysics, material science and high-pressure physics. In the present work we have calculated pressure , isothermal bulk modulus , first pressure derivative of isothermal bulk modulus and second order pressure derivative of isothermal bulk modulus in terms of for MgO and Al2O3, using different equation of state. Using the values of these parameters we have computed the values of Gruneisen parameter ( ) corresponding to different values of V/V0 and graphs are plotted for Gruneisen parameter ( ) vs. v/v0 for MgO and Al2O3. From these plots it is clear that the Brennan-Stacey and Shanker EOS is compatible both low and high compression ranges for calculating Gruniesen parameter where as Vinet EOS is not compatible for calculating the Gruniesen parameter at low compression ranges.

Tri-ethylene (TEG) is used to inhibit the formation of natural gas hydrates in long transportation pipelines that convey gas from remote gas field to processing units. The degradation of glycol leads to its decomposition and reduction of its pH making it more acidic thereby, increasing its tendency to cause corrosion and subsequent blockage of production and transportation facilities. The possible effect of water on tri-ethylene glycol was ascertained in terms of changes in viscosity, pH, density and efflux time as table 1to4.Thus, the resulting effect of water on glycols (TEG) is high at room temperature and low at frozen temperature as was observed in terms of pH, viscosity and efflux time of the mixture.

Three water sample in Oghara Community, Ethiope -West, Nigeria were assessed for Physico-Chemical and heavy metals. The pH of the water ranges from 6.10-8.60, conductivity of water lies between 7.50-77.90?/cm. Total solids, Total alkalinity, hardness, sulphate, ranges from 40.00-50.00mg/1, 28.00-29.70mg/l, 37.00-4.00mg/1, 55.20-5.30mg/I respectively, copper, iron, zinc lies between 0.02 – 0.03mg/I, 0.07-0.08mg/I, 021-0.31mg/I respectively. The results obtained from this study fall within the recommended values specified by NAFDAC and SON except the pH from site C that was above the maximum permissible limits specified by National Agency for Food Drug Administration and Control. (NAFDAC) and Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON).

Some new chalcones, 2-4 bis (tetrahydro - 1,4-oxazine)-6-[4'-{3''-(substituted phenyl) -2''-propenon-1''-yl} phenyl amino]-s-triazine (6a-f) have been achieved by the reaction between 2-4-(bis- tetrahydro- 1,4-oxazine) -6-(4'-acetylphenylamino)-s-triazine (5) and different aromatic aldehydes, which on cyclisation with hydrazine hydrate in presence of acetic acid give acetyl pyrazolines (7a-f). Chalcones (6a-f) on cyclisation with guanidine hydrochloride in presence o f alkali give aminopyrimidines (8a-f). The characterization of newly synthesised compounds has been done on the basis of IR, 1H NMR spectral data as well as elemental analysis. All the synthesised compounds have been screened for their antimicrobial activity.

Drugs normally synthesized to use as medication to treat diseases like cancer and microbial infections, these synthesized drugs were interested more than naturally-derived drugs which have been shows low activity or not as efficient against diseases. A new ligand 3-methylbenzyl (2Z)-2-[1-(pyridin-4-yl)ethylidene]hydrazine carbodithioate (PE3MBC) and its Cd(II), Cu(II), Co(II) and Zn(II) metal complexes. The new ligand and metal complexes were characterized via various physico-chemical and spectroscopic techniques. Cd(II) complex show more activity against microbes and against cancer cell line MCF-7, while other complexes does not shows activity like cadmium complex, all the complexes does not shows any activity against MDAMB-231 cell line. The fatal of the cancer and the microbes cell was due to inhibition of DNA synthesis which was probably due to chelating with metals complexes, or could be referred to lipophilicity, presence of hydrophobic moiety in the complex molecule, also could be due to steric effects and electronic effects.

Malenized Linseed oil and Coconut oil suitable for use in Powder detergent has been synthesized. The reaction conditions such as mole ratio, temperature, time of reaction and use of catalyst have been standardized to get a product with desired HLB ratio, viscosity and solubility. A standard Powder detergent mainly based on malenised vegetables oils and Alpha olefin sulphonate has been prepared. In successive compositions acid slurry has been replaced by neutralized malenized linseed oil by 50 to 100% .A comparison of our maleic based detergents with commercial samples shows that maleic treated oils give excellent foaming, surface tension reduction and detergency properties. The raw material cost of our novel Powder detergents in reasonable and they can be tried on pilot scale and commercial scale production. The special feature of these Powder detergents is freedom from conventional linear alkyl benzene sulphonate and sodium tripoly phosphate so they can be labeled as ecofriendly products for green environment.

The formation of complexes of tolbutamide and Zn(II) was studied in aqueous media at pH 3.4±0.1 by polarography and spectroscopy. The polarogram indicated formation of complexes between tolbutamide and Zn(II). Tolbutamide produces a well-defined direct current polarogram and differential pulse polarogram in 1M KCl (supporting electrolyte) at pH 3.4±0.1. The stoichiometry of the Zn(II)-tolbutamide complex is 1:1. Antidiabetic studies on the drug and its metal complex have been performed in albino mice. Revealing the complex to be more potent in antidiabetic activity compared to the parent drug.

The interaction of transition metal complexes with DNA has long been a subject of intensive investigation with the perspective of development of newer materials for application in biotechnology and medicine. These investigations have resulted in the synthesis of many new metal complexes, which bind to DNA by non-covalent interactions such as electrostatic binding, groove binding and intercalative binding [1,2]. Hence, the current growing interest in small molecules that are capable of binding and cleaving DNA is related to their utility in the design and development of synthetic restriction enzymes, new drugs, DNA foot-printing agents, etc., and also to their ability to probe the structure of DNA itself [3].