Social Studies

This article (who's most parts are taken from Mr. Md. Baharuddin Bin Abdul Rahman PhD thesis proposal U.S.M, 2007-2014) to discuss about an introduction of Project Based Learning (PjBL) process. This paper also focuses for the development of engineering product by implementation of PjBL module (prefer to PjBL model & theory). This pilot testing of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) module that was significant with research proved of success in the engineering products/projects development and typical of socio-constructivist with positive impact in student approaches.

The problem of historical documentation has been with society since the ages. The response of African societies like Opobo to this trend has been to utilize various artistic mediums like drum language as repository of history. Through this approach the various traditions are passed on through time. This research x-rays the contributions of Drumlore to the rich history of Opobo Kingdom.

The global volume of immigration is high in absolute terms, but low in relative terms. The International Integration and Refugee Association estimated 190 million international migrants in 2005, about 3 percent of The Middle East, some parts of Europe, small areas of South East Asia, and a few spots in the West Indies have the highest percentages of immigration population recorded by the UN Census 2005. The International Organization for Migration said there are more than 200 million migrants around the world today. Europe hosted the largest number of immigrants, with 70.6 million people in 2005, the latest year for which figures are available. North America, with over 45.1 million immigrants, is second, followed by Asia, which hosts nearly 25.3 million. Most of today's migrant workers come from Asia.[1].

Opobo Kingdom founded in 1873 by King Jaja is an ancient Ibani Kingdom. The institutions in Opobo is similar to what exists in Bonny its ancestral home. The people are religious and worshiped various deities from the environment. This paper explores the various deities known to the Ibani people and how they were appeased or worshipped as a way of recording these for posterity. It concludes by working at the impact of Christianity on these deities.

Library service is the active part of communication , place of mind- refresh and education in any community. It is distinguished in case of Chiapta, Republic of Zambia . When we peep in to the district library it has got more role in changing the society. But the case is reverse in this study area. To analyze this fact samples of 50 readers have taken for the study. The questionnaire is served to the members(Visitors/Readers) of this library using stratified random sampling method. The questionnaire was converted into numerical data state in order to analyze the Evaluation of performance of library and users. This was analyzed with reference to Frequency of reader, Purpose of reader, Sources of information for the readers, Adequacy of library stock, Readers Satisfaction and Library facilities. The appropriate results were drawn and suggestions made to improve the library performance and also attract the new readers in order to develop the society so as to become good citizens of the nation.

Non human animals are used and exploited by human beings for different purposes such as, agriculture, carrying goods, circus, medical experiment and in laboratory for research activities where they have to suffer more. But against these cruel activities some thinkers have raised their voice. They are in favour of granting rights to them. They thought that being sentient, non human animals have feelings of pleasure and pain and therefore they are right bearers. They are entitled to enjoy their basic interest such as, avoiding suffering. In this paper I shall try to justify that we ought to allow rights to non human animals , particularly right to life.

Since the evolution of mankind on this earth, water bodies act as a source of attraction for human settlement due to diverse facilities provided by it. The facilities like habitat, food, connectivity, strategic importance etc. provided by water bodies attracted human being in the past to settle near it. The wetlands in India play an important role in human life due to their scenic beauty and ecological importance. The Mansar wetland in Jammu and Kashmir has its own importance in terms of livelihood and sustainability for the inhabitants residing nearby. Despite being a source of pilgrimage as well as other type of tourism due to its religious and scenic beauty, this wetland also has its ecological importance due to its diverse flora and fauna. The influx of tourist for different purposes makes it a good source of income for many local inhabitants. The economic importance of wetland attracts many people from nearby to settle near the wetland. Looking at the multifarious benefits and importance of the wetland, the present study has been done to find out the dependence of local for their livelihood; efforts of various agencies to develop the tourism structure, and the present problems prevailing there. The present study is primarily based on primary sources of data and collected data was assessed to draw the conclusion based on identified objectives.

An examination of the orientalists' (1860-1977) opinions gives in four different views on the Qur’?n collection time: John Burton believes that the collection of the Qur’?n occurred in the prophet Mu?ammad's lifetime. Friedrich Schwally claims that the Qur’?n was collected during the ‘Uthm?n's time. In Paul Casanova and Alfones Mingana's viewpoint, the Qur’?n was collected during ‘Abd al-Malik's era following ?ajj?j b. Y?suf's order. Finally, John Wansbrough believes that the collection of the Qur’?n was carried out in the early third century AH. From among these opinions, Burton's view can been accepted, not on the basis of the reasons he has underscored in his research, but rather, due to the intellectual, historical, narrative, and qur’?nic principles that some Muslim scholars have put forth.

To know Direct and indirect effect of different variables in individual changes of SHG members, the path analysis has been applied. For this purpose the data have been collected from Dharwad district, Karnataka state. It is evident that variable can have only direct effect, only indirect effect on a dependent variable or variables. To archive this, the path analysis was applied. Which reveals that the four independent variables are found to be statistically significant and Direct effect on Individual changes of SHG members.

This research was carried out to examine the Impact of recruitment policies and procedures on the performance of civil service, (A study of the Nigerian Television Authority towards the effectiveness or efficiency of the present civil service compared to the past, Consequent upon this, the organization is realizing its goals and objectives which form the primary aims for establishing the company However if is recommended that the company should maintain her training policy and the establishment of its own educational in-door programmes. There should be creation of work-study section in all the departments of the organization which could enhance on the spot identification of problems for correction. Also staff motivation should be encouraged to enable them put their best. Recognition of the above is essential because great management ideas are strictly arm chair until a manager puts them into effect through manpower planning.