Social Studies

The present study is an attempt to provide evidence for the Self-Teaching Hypothesis according to which phonological recoding supports learners’ achieving word recognition skills and keeping in mind the connections amongst pronunciation, spelling, and meaning of new words in reading. For this purpose, 46 Iranian EFL learners (2 classes of 12 to 15 years old) were randomly selected. These learners were given 6 to 8 sentence long texts and in each text an unknown vocabulary item was underlined and repeated 2 times. Participants in the experimental condition were asked to read the text silently but the underlined word aloud and those in the control condition were asked to read the text (including the new words) silently. After this experiment learners were tested on text recall, spelling, and meaning of new words. The results show significant gains for the experimental group on spelling and meaning of new words. Pedagogical implications of this finding will be discussed at the end.

As is known that cable car is functioning all over the world adding lot of money. It opens with the brief scenario of tourism in world, India and in Jammu and Kashmir. Tourism and cable car are interrelated if we look from tourism point of view; it is cable car by which there went great boom in flow of tourism in world. We have examples of many countries like Switzerland, Austria, and Canada etc. which use cable car as an additional product to attract tourists at their destinations. They use cable car for lifting adventure tourists during winter activities at higher snow capped peaks to enjoy skiing and other touristic activities. The business of cable car is so much profitable, that every country is trying to start its projects at large scale. Our main objective of this study in Jammu and Kashmir state cable corporation (JKSCCC) is to know about the working of JKSCCC and its role in Jammu and Kashmir tourism.

Based on the increasing demand of in-service training today and the importance of induction, preparation, and professional development of teachers, this article draws the meaning of this kind of education in the field of human capital development. In recent years, policy makers have come to this conclusion that increasing the capacity of teachers by pre-service or in-service training is the only hope for developing the human capital potentiality. Then it refers to one of developing countries, Iran, to modify the application of this branch of education and training in the target educational system.

Code switching is defined as the practice of selecting or altering linguistic elements so as to contextualize talk in interaction (Nilep,2006). The main purpose of this study is to investigate and closely examine the role and the effects of code-switching on material learning in a classroom context and also students' attitudes towards this linguistic phenomenon. For this purpose, the students’ notes, which were taken from the teachers’ speech, were studied and then their written notes were analyzed qualitatively with a focus on code switching. Then, the questionnaire was distributed among participants to investigate their attitudes. According to the quantitative and qualitative data analysis obtained from the questionnaire –distributed among 60 participants – and the interview, code switching during delivering materials was completely helpful to the students' learning and also it helped them to remember better for their exams.

Addiction to alcohol is a general phenomenon that affects communities as a whole, and is one of the intractable problems that governments and institutions are trying address. This study used analytical method based on qualitative data collection and analysis tried to explain the concept of addiction and alcohol, and the role of the Sunnah in the treatment of addiction to alcohol through Islamic laws that prevent Muslims from approaching intoxicants. The most interesting findings of this study is that differences in the names of alcohol do not negate its prohibition; the little of what intoxicates in large quantity is also forbidden. Islam has certainly established rules to prevent people from approaching alcohol. Islam did not begin to resolve the problem of alcohol addiction through punishment, but identified the causes that lead Muslims to alcohol addiction, and then addressed those causes in order to prevent Muslims from being addicted to alcohol.

attachment location(belonging to a place) ties to physical and social environments that support and focus on individuals tied and is accompanied by other psychological benefits. however , attachment location as a strong potential in the suburban areas, neighborhood in this way is declining and neglecting. Attachment location as a tool up to now has not been used and now, neighborhoods have been proposed for revitalizing .

This article sets out to address the question of what are problems of freshmen in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia(UTM). The study focuses on an involving all freshmen of education faculty in UTM. To satisfy the purpose of this study, Mooney problem check list (MPCL) was used. The results shows that Home and Family problems had the highest rate among this population. In contrast, Health and Physical Development problems had the lowest rate among them. Other categories of problems among the students have been discussed in the study. A few suggestions also have been highlighted in the studies for the future research.

Achieving marital satisfaction (MS) is becoming difficult for many couples. In fact, MS of the first marriages has declined since the mid-1970s. Approximately, half of the marriages resolve their marital unhappiness through divorce. In order to achieve MS, abundant of research has been carried out to investigate what constitutes a successful marital experience. Recent researchers have attempted to investigate indicators of MS. Interestingly, many prominent marital researchers suggest that there is a relationship between preliminary attachment [early relationship between caregiver and infant] and marital quality. Moreover, scientific studies and contemporary psychologists have started to promote concept of preliminary attachment for better quality of marital life. The review of studies conducted in the west suggests that secure attachment has high predictive validity for concurrent marital relationship while avoidant and anxious attachment invalidate relationships particularly MS. Although studies conducted highlight significant role of attachment styles on MS, but there is a dire need to investigate the varied attachment by Islamic perception. The aim of this preliminary study is to investigate one of the indicators of MS which is attachment and proposing effect of its role in process leading to MS by highlighting Islamic perspective. This study can be useful for psychologists and counselors that educate attachment styles based on Islamic believe to couples, before transition to parenting.

Mountainous areas are one of the tourists' favorite destinations throughout the world. The lack of appropriate planning of responsible organizations and tourists unawareness about mountainous villages touristic potentials and reluctance of private sector to invest on providing proper facilities and equipment for tourists in mountainous areas have been caused tourism no development in these regions. The current research has been implemented in one of the mountainous regions of Guilan province in order to answer these questions that what are the advantages and limitations of tourism development in mountainous regions of Amlash county and what strategies exist for mountainous tourism development? Whereas recognition of strengths, pitfalls, opportunities, and threats, and planning to resolve limitations and increase benefits and create economic and social changes in this region are the obvious goals of this research, this paper used survey method (descriptive-analytical), field studies and questionnaires completion by three samples of statistical community (tourists, rural families (people), local managers) and determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the form of economic, social, cultural, ecological, and institutional in SWOT method to codify quadruplet strategies to develop mountainous tourism in AMLASHCounty. Studies have been shown that regarding to existence of strengths and opportunity in this region, threats and weaknesses levels are also very high and this region is vulnerable against tourism development and redistribution and reallocation of resources and appropriate and logical planning in regional level is an essential issue.

This study had tried to assess the determinants of the food security of rural people of Malawi. The study was based on data collected from Malawi Third Integrated Household Survey (IHS3) in 2010/11. Since the objective variable is dichotomous type the study employ logistic regression model for analysis. There was consideration of different economic as well as societal factors to check that whether they significantly affect the dependent variable one or not. Based on the regression result eight of the regressors are significant in affecting probability of households to be food secured. Variables like education participation of households, sex of household head and age square positively affect the probability of being food secured. Other variables like cassava production, emergency of shocks, participation in off farm activities and age of household head affect probability of being food secured in the opposite direction as to the expectations. TLU and Land holding are insignificant in affecting the probability of rural households in order to be food secured.