Social Studies

Assessing the requirements of using the mechanisms of power transition from state to citizens and introducing the implication of such process is the focus of current paper. It believes that in addition to theoretical justifications, power transition is necessary based pragmatic considerations. It is for the same reason that law and politics philosophers acknowledge the necessity of public administration and the realization of resilient and citizen – based state in their synchronized orientations toward today contingencies of humanistic laws. Thus, in the format of present paper, the necessity of power transition is initially studied and then peaceful and democratic techniques of power transition for state to citizens are introduced and, ultimately, the legal implications of power transition are identified in the framework of local and global legal evidences in order to confirm research hypothesis.

This study aims to identify the pedagogical practices of the teacher trainees of Design and Technology option in conducting lessons in mock teaching practice in order for the trainees to become excellent teachers. In addition, this study aims to see whether there is a relationship between the trainee teachers' perceptions to the mock teaching practices experienced during teaching in schools. The samples of this study are 81 teacher trainees taking Design and Technology option of Institut Pendidikan Guru Kampus Tun Hussein Onn, Batu Pahat, Johor January 2010 intake . The study was conducted through a quantitative approach using questionnaires. The results showed that the level of the teacher trainees’ pedagogical practices is medium in the teaching and learning process . The results also indicated positive perceptions of trainee teachers toward the third phase mock teaching practice gives a very good exposure.

Under the Cluster Schools program, the guided autonomy through School Based Management (SBM) encourages and welcomes involvement and contribution from stakeholders in order to enhance quality of education and produce excellent students. The purpose of the study was to identify the direct effects of stakeholders on SBM practices in cluster schools. Secondly, the aim was to explore the moderating effects of stakeholders’ on the relationship between cluster school’s backgrounds factors with the SBM practice. Data for this study was collected using as set of questionnaire from 788 trained teachers from 60 cluster schools (25 from high performance cluster schools, 20 from Cohort 1 cluster schools and 15 from Cohort 2 schools) across the 14 states of Malaysia. The findings revealed that the level of stakeholders’ involvement in School Based management practices in the Malaysian cluster school was high. Apart from that, the findings also showed that stakeholders’ such as Ministry of Education, school administrators, local community, and school related bodies’ involvement has direct significant effects on the SBM practices. Meanwhile, stakeholders’ involvement was identified as the moderator on the relationship between school categories factor and SBM practices in cluster school, leadership effectiveness. As conclusion, this study recommends that school administrators should fully exploit the role of stakeholders’ involvement through SBM practices in order to increase schools’ performance.

Country’s development is in the hands of future generation. Obesity is the biggest threat to the children’s health. The hidden risks of fast food such as obesity and food borne illnesses are not a simple complication. The fast food industry is a complicated web of growing problems. This threat is nowadays common among urban areas as they have more exposure to modern life style. The extension of fast food culture and its dreadful consequences even in rural areas is to be prevented

Mutual Funds are dynamic Financial Institutions which play a crucial role in an economy by mobilizing savings and investing in the Capital Markets thus establishing a link between the savers and the users. Mutual Funds are used as a medium-to-long term investment option by the investors. Indian Mutual Fund industry has two distinct types of sponsors Viz., Public-Sector and Private-Sector. The present study aims to evaluate and compare the performance of select Growth Schemes of both Private Sector and Public Sector Mutual Funds in India. This study covers a period of ten years from 2003-04 to 2012-13 for the purpose of evaluation of performance. A majority of the schemes had Mean Returns and Beta above their corresponding Benchmark. Further, it has significant difference between the mean returns of Private Sector and Public Sector Mutual Funds in India. Mutual Funds Companies have to strengthen their R&D, focus on reducing load fee and expenses ratio depending on market conditions to have better future performance.

Education is vital for sustainable economic development and empowerment of people. Subsequently, the role of education especially for the emancipation of the poor and marginalized cannot be underscored. Realizing this fact, the Government of Kenya has invested immensely in education by providing free primary and free tuition in secondary education. Public university education is also subsidized. Despite these initiatives, investment in basic education in Kenya represents a largely unequal distribution of resources. The most deprived area is North Eastern province of Kenya partly due to its arid and semi-arid nature that make development a theoretical and a practical challenge. This paper applies human capital theory and human rights theory to advocate and promote education for all especially for children of pastoralist communities in Kenya. By applying the human capital theory, the paper argues that the rate of returns to education, both private and social, justify a greater investment in educational initiatives in North Eastern province. The argument is supplemented by the human rights theory that argues that even if there would be no significant returns to education in arid areas, the Government has an obligation to ensure that all children, regardless of their socio-economic and political context, attain quality education as a human right that has to be respected.

SPKMP is a public programme with the objective of uplifting the level of wellness among coastal community particularly the poor households. Since its inception in 2001, the programme has undergone several phases of improvement. However, until now living conditions of the coastal poor households remain unchanged. The present study aimed at assessing performance of SPKMP in terms of implementation of the program as well as the performance of the organizations that involved in the program, particularly looking into the mechanism used in managing the program with special reference to district of Kuala Terengganu. By using official records and reports from various agencies at the central level and district offices besides observation and in-depth interviews with households and officials at the agencies involved, the study discovered some interesting findings. Firstly, the principles serve as a guideline for the implementation of the program were not followed by the implementing agencies at the district level. Various malpractices were also detected. Secondly, the evaluation showed that most of the program outputs cannot help the fishermen to increase their household income and savings. Thirdly, the marine resources are depleting, therefore the fishermen are not able to increase their catch. Furthermore, coastal communities have not received sufficient assistance in the program so they do not get the necessary moral support. This study shows that the development agencies have not been able to implement the program properly because of weak and inefficient management. Policies, strategies and activities that are more suitable are needed to improve the program.

Leadership is in fact a process of influencing followers. Characteristics of leadership are functions of time and situation and differ in different cultures and countries. Managers of international organizations should obtain enough knowledge of these cultural characteristics and differences and should have the utmost versatility while executing their leadership tasks. In this paper we have conducted a survey of the relation between cultures and styles of leadership in different countries. At first characteristics of leadership are discussed in work oriented leadership paradigm and management regimes, in a number of different regions, including China, Japan, U.S.A, Europe, and Arab countries. We also discuss about cross-cultural leadership concept and its challenges. At the end, a comparative analysis is made over the various leadership styles.

Categories of intellectual capital is important that over last few decades that has attracted attention of academic circles. actually change the pattern of corporate and with the emergence of new challenges and compete in the global arena, companies to maintain their competitive advantage should be worth more to think as intellectual capital as a key factor companies to create value and sustain competitive advantage has become known then identification and reporting of intellectual capital issue importance for corporate managers and users of financial statements. In this study, the relationship between intellectual capital components and financial performance of listed companies in the cement industry Studied at the Tehran Stock Exchange. The study period is 2007 to 2011 years. For test the hypotheses and data analysis from method of least squares regression and neural networks are used. The results indicated a significant relationship between intellectual capital and corporate financial performance indicators. On the other research findings can be concluded between intellectual capital and financial performance of companies in the same (similar) craft approach to regression analysis and neural networks value added intellectual coefficient model Polic (VAIC) gives similar results however, the performance impact on capital employed human capital is a significant difference in performance.

Now a days divorce is the most important threat to the family institution and understanding its influencing factors is one of the priorities of mental health. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of training the cognitive –behavioral techniques of the marriage performance of couple son the verge of divorce. This study used aquasi-experimental design with pretest, post-test, and control group. The subjects of this study consisted of 15 clients as the experimental group and 15 patients as the control group which were selected with multi-stage random sampling from the counseling center of Social Welfare Organizaion and Family Court center of Neyshaboor. The experimental group was trained for 8 sessions about the cognitive - behavioral techniques. The results showed training cognitive-behavioral techniques improves the marriage performance using analysis of covariance and independent t-test. Furthermore, in terms of the effectiveness of cognitive - behavioral techniques there was a significant difference between the two sexes.