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In this paper, the parameters governing the arm model of a robot has been studied through a numerical technique “fourth order non-linear extended RK method based on Centroidal Mean (RKCeM)”. The exact solutions of the system of second order equations representing the arm model of a Robot have been compared with the corresponding discrete solutions (approximate solutions) at different time and also the absolute error between the exact and discrete solutions has been determined.

As the present world challenges schools and the entire school community with many changes in the hope of improving the learning outcomes of students, schools and teachers, they are tasked with constantly upgrading the standards of education. Professional development has always been the focus of most of these improvements. In most schools and in the International Baccalaureate, teachers recognise that professional development does not end after the 1-hour or 3-days or 4-weeks sessions, it is continuous in nature and extends towards their everyday dealings. This study is a qualitative research that involves primary school teachers of an IB World School. The outcome of this research seems to capture the teachers’ perspective on professional development and how it has influenced their teaching practice. A review of relevant literature on the topic of professional development will give an idea on what professional development is, its purpose, how it has met the needs of teachers and how it has caused significant changes in teaching techniques. Mixed research methods were adopted in this study, the perspectives of a small group of primary teachers were recorded and analysed; allowing for comparisons with the results of the previous researches conducted in the field.

Leadership is perceived as being masculine and as a result women are less likely to be seen as leaders regardless of their capability. The purpose of this research is to identify the perception of the respondent about the domain of women as a leader in the field of technical and vocational based on the six domain of leadership and the level of six domain of leadership. A total of 18 female students from section 3 were chosen as respondents. A set of questionnaire was used as an instrument. It consists of two parts. Part A is about the demography of the respondent and part B is about the items to measure respondent’s perception of women as leaders in technical and vocational fields. The question in this study is based on the six domain of leadership. Data collected was processed using Statistics Package for Social Science (SPSS version 16.0) and were analyzed based on descriptive such as mean score, frequency and percentage. The outcome of this research shows that perception of respondent if women want to be or be a leader, they need have domain ethical in the leadership and the level of six domain show the high level result but only the domain inspirational have the moderate level.

Artificially contaminated soil was treated with hydrocarbon degrading bacteria previously isolated from soil that was consistently contaminated with petroleum. The consortium of bacteria used consists of Enterobacter aerogenes, Serratia marcescens and Proteus myxofaciens. immobilized in cellulosic materials such as coconut fibre and groundnut husk. The results of the laboratory tests show that the immobilized bacteria have good self life with bacteria load of 3.33 x 1022 and 3.20 x 1019 on the 1st and 28th day respectively. The immobilized bacteria system shows promise in the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. After 21 days of application of the immobilized bacteria system in laboratory scale degradation of Forcados light crude oil, the residual concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons decreased to 14.87% for one of the samples as compared to a residual concentration of 58.97% in the control sample. Therefore the immobilized bacteria system using cellulosic as a carrier can serve as an effective and fast bioremediation tool for cleaning up petroleum contaminated soil at low cost.

Criminal law as accepted by all legal scholars and practitioners deals with wrongs against society, their proper investigation, prosecution, litigation and the defense of the person accused. It is a body of rules and statutes that defines conduct prohibited by the government because it threatens and harms public safety and welfare and it establishes punishment to be imposed for the commission of such acts. Others state that it is the body of law that defines conduct prohibited by the state (because the state thinks such conduct is socially injurious) and sets the penalties for such conduct. For an effective implementation of modern criminal laws in Nigeria, it becomes necessary for a modern criminal procedural law to be enacted as a body of law that accompanies the accused hence in common law countries the justice system is adversarial in nature. This system of justice is where the accused is presumed innocent until proven guilty and so certain safeguards have to be met such as (among others) hearing the other party out, making sure that the judge does not have a stake in the case, and that the legal process is conducted in a proper manner so as not to prejudice the accused. This writer presents the development of the Nigerian criminal law in consonant with the innovations in the criminal procedure law enacted under the Administration of Criminal Justice (ACJ Act 2015).

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is chronic and appalling. Now-a-days it is the most prevalent disease affecting the world’s population. PUD is the main reason for morbidity and mortality in 50% of world’s working population. The pathophysiology of peptic ulcer disease is best viewed as an imbalance between mucosal defense factors (bicarbonate, mucin, prostaglandin, nitric oxide, and other peptides and growth factors) and injurious factors (acid and pepsin)³. Review of Literature suggests that the presence of tannins, flavonoids, Alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, and steroids is responsible for antiulcerogenic activity. Preliminary Phytochemical investigation of aqueous and ethanolic extracts from bark powder of symplocos racemosa (SR) reveals the presence of tannins, carbohydrates, proteins, alkaloids and steroids .Hence the present study aims at pharmacological evaluation of anti ulcer activity of  SR (symplocaceae) in experimentally induced (pylorus ligation and Aspirin-induced) ulcers in rat models. LD₅₀ was found to be 2000mg/kg body weight, so, the therapeutic doses 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg were selected for both the extracts (alcoholic and ethanolic). Considering the parameters like p^H , gastric volume, free acidity, total acidity and ulcer index (percentage protection) we concluded that aqueous extract 500mg/body weight was equipotent to  the  standard (lansoprazole-8mg/kg body weight). The same results was reflected by statistical analysis (one way ANOVA  p<0.05) and histopathological study.

Surface and underground water, veritable sources of drinking water to the Ikono inhabitants were investigated. Water samples were collected randomly from the area within a period of 30days and characterized for various physical, chemical and microbial parameters including nitrate, pH, total dissolved solid (TDS), total hardness, calcium, magnesium, chloride and total alkalinity and E. coli. Results showed variability in chemical and biological composition and informed that water sources were not polluted when compared with reference standards which serves as guidelines with respect to parameters examined. However, some points showed elevated microbial count which indicates some level of pollution of water points with human faeces and other warm blooded animals. From the result of the analysis, water in most parts of the area is fit for drinking and other domestic purposes.

We are very happy to announce that from 21st March 2011, Prof.Omeh Yusuf S has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on the Biochemistry. Prof.Omeh Yusuf S is currently working Department of Biochemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267 Umuahia, Abia State Nigeria. The appointment of Prof.Omeh Yusuf S as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links with Iran and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to chiefeditor@elixirjournal.org. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

Re-use of treated wastewater for aquaculture and irrigation offers a possibility for water conservation and sustainable food production, however, the issue of human health is crucial. We assessed quality of water and catfish carp (Clarias gariepinus) in a fishpond receiving treated effluents from a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania for physico-chemical water quality parameters, bacteria, nitrogen and heavy metals. Concentrations were compared to WHO standards to assess potential health risks. The water quality parameters conformed to WHO standards. Concentrations of measured toxic metals in water and fish exceeded WHO standards. These results indicate that the reared catfish are not suitable for human consumption.

The present study was designed to explore the relationship between occupational stress and perceived organizational support among higher secondary institutions of public and private sector. This study was a descriptive in nature. The study was also focused on the relation of demographic variables with occupational stress and perceived organizational support and these demographic variables were age, gender, marital status, income, nature of job, work experience, qualification and type of institution in which are teaching. The population of this study was higher secondary teachers of public and private sectors. The sample of the study was comprised of 100 male and female teachers from 10 private and 10 public higher secondary institutions. As a research tool Occupational Stress Inventory (OSI) and Perceived Organizational Support Inventory were used to collect the data. OSI has 28 items whereas POS Inventory has 9 items, which were filled out by higher secondary school teachers. After the data collection, data was analyzed by using multiple statistical techniques like mean, correlation; Cronbach’s split half Reliability and ANOVA. Results of the study revealed that younger teachers express more occupational stress and low perceived organizational support, female teachers experiences more occupational stress and low perceived organizational support than male teachers, married teachers shows less stress and high perceived organizational support than unmarried ones, teachers having low monthly income expresses more occupational stress and low perceived organizational support than the teachers who have high monthly incomes, contract based teachers have high occupational stress and low perceived organizational support than the permanent based teachers, less work experience is a cause of high occupational stress and low perceived organizational support, whereas teachers those who are working in private sector experience less stress and high perceived organizational support.