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In knowledge-based economics, products and organizations live and die based on knowledge. Today, intellectual capital and human Resource productivity that are used for organizational value increase and creation are one of the most important anxieties of managers in each organization. This research has been also done by objective of exploring intellectual capital effects analysis on human Resource productivity. Present research method is surveying-descriptive and according to objective it is applicable. Statistical society of this research is Isaco company that 200-person sample by simple random method have been selected using statistical sample volume determination formulation of Cochran and a questionnaire was distributed among them which validity and perpetuity have been confirmed to gather data and after gathering, they have analyzed using correlation test. Results obtained show that intellectual capital in 99% confidence has great effect on human Resource productivity. Moreover, obtained results indicate that feedback elements organizational support, job cognition improvement, motivation, deciding validity, employees’ ability and adaptation with environment.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the intellectual capital (IC) efficiency of Indian banking sector in utilizing intellectual capital and capital employed to run the organization by using the data envelopment analysis methodology. The authors use three individual components of value added intellectual coefficient as the input variables, and Tobin’s Q and return on equity as the output variables. Examining a sample of 35 banks in financial years 2009-2013, findings of this study show that banks listed on the Mumbai stock exchange invest most of their resources in Structural Capital as compared to Human Capital and Physical Capital, and The Jammu & Kashmir Bank Limited, Indian Overseas Bank, HDFC Bank Ltd., State Bank of India, Federal Bank Ltd. and Yes Bank Limited are the most efficient company of all the sample banks, since they have the highest coefficient of intellectual capital super efficiency based on Anderson and Peterson model. The benchmarking analysis of this study may shed light for the managers in banks to benchmark and improve their efficiency in intellectual capital management. The overall average values of Technical efficiency 0.756, Pure technical efficiency 0.984 and Scale efficiency 0.766 suggest that managers of banks are inefficient in scale efficiency intellectual capital due to the technical problem and not managing intellectual capital.

This paper investigated the influence of cowpea characteristics on cowpea prices in Akure Metropolis of Ondo State, Nigeria, using an analysis of covariance model approach. A total of 104 cowpea sellers were randomly selected from chosen in the markets. Interview schedule with the aid of structural questionnaire was used to collect data from markets: Oja oba, Isinkan, Adedeji, Araromi, and Isolo in the study area. 12% of the cowpea sellers were from Oja-oba, 27.88% from Isinkan, 18.27% from Araromi, 16.35% from Adedeji and 15.38% from Isolo market respectively. 72.12% were female while the rest 27.88% were male. 64.42% of the cowpea sellers sold all the varieties of cowpea in the study area i.e. Peu/Drum, Sokoto white, Mala, Olo and Oloyin. 38.46% of the cowpea sellers sold Peu/Drum for its popularity. 44.23% of them sold Sokoto for its popularity. 30.77% of them sold Mala for customary reasons, 31.73% of them sold Olo for its popularity, 30.77% of them sold Oloyin for its availability and nutritive value. 49.04% of the cowpea sellers said that their customers use the cowpea bought for all it can be used for. From the study, 37.50% of the cowpea sellers said that their customers prefer Oloyin for whole grain cooking because of its colour and flavour, 8.65% of them said that their customers prefer Oloyin for whole grain cooking due to its quick cooking quality. 31.73% of the cowpea sellers said that their customers prefer both Peu/Drum and Sokoto for making fried balls (akara) because of its peeling and binding quality. 32.69% of the cowpea sellers said that their customers prefer both Peu/Drum and Sokoto for steamed cake (moin-moin) for its flavour and texture. The mean prices of peu/drum cowpea, sokoto white cowpea, mala cowpea, olo cowpea and oloyin cowpea are ?362.50, ?263.75, ?296.83, ?304.81, and ?393.85. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) which was used capture price-quality relationship of the type of cowpea purchased by consumers revealed that there is a significant relationship between the number of holes in each of the cowpea varieties and their respective prices in the various markets sampled in the study area. Hence, the numbers of holes appear to be the major determining factors affecting the prices of various cowpea types in the study area.

In recent years, the use of pesticides in agriculture has been increasing steadily. The pesticides which are liberated into the aquatic environment have a deleterious effect on fish and subsequently to man. Pyrethroids insecticides, including lambda-cyhalothrin (trade name Karate) are widely used for the control of insect pests all over the world to increase the production of food grain and other agricultural products. It may also be used in public health applications to control insects such as cockroaches, mosquitoes, ticks and flies may act as a disease vector. However, with the steadily increasing use of lambda-cyhalothrin, there is an urgent need to identify their possible effects on living organisms. Majority of the studies concerning effects of pesticide have been confined to the acute toxicity tests with the death of fish as an end point. Acute toxicity tests aimed at estimating the effect of toxicants on organisms in a short period of time. The static bioassay procedure was used to study the toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin on Etroplus suratensis. The experimental fish E.suratensis were exposed to different concentrations of lambda-cyhalothrin. Ten healthy fishes were introduced into each concentration and the mortality was observed after 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hrs of exposure. The 96 hrs LC50 value of lambda-cyhalothrin to E.suratensis was 0.107 ppm respectively. The results showed that, the mortality rate of E.suratensis increased with the increase in the concentration of lambda-cyhalothrin, but, this phenomenon was not observed in control. Based on the result, lambda-cyhalothrin is highly toxic to Etroplus suratensis, therefore its use near fish farms or in areas close to aquatic bodies should not be encouraged.

As the number of elderly is rising and the social environment is changing, the percentage of the needy among them is also increasing. These factors are also leading to the need for a large number of old-age homes where the elderly may enjoy the end part of their lives in a group of their specific. The effect of the above causes may be observed in the living arrangements of old age Indians. With the evolution of the rural population, the area of arable land is lessening to meet the increased plea for housing, leading to incremental and disguised unemployment. As a result, the rural commonalities are forced to voyage to the urban areas in search of a livelihood. According to the framework of economic development developed by Arthur Lewis, the movement of labour from the “traditional sector” involving agriculture and allied areas that produce traditional outputs for all societies, to the “modern sector” (industrial area, which produces manufactured items) is placed on the centre stage. The traditional sector may be assumed to supply an unconstrained number of labourers, but the absorption of the same critically depends on the supply of capital to the modern sector. The level of savings and investment funds are the determinants of the growth of the modem sector and, hence, the generation of employment as well as the process of urbanization. This paper deals with the issues of aged people in India.

Advances in information technology have resulted in the development of various computer-mediated communication tools of which the Instant messenger (IM) is one of the most prevalent. Instant messaging apps are widely used today for information sharing. The present study “Knowledge sharing over instant messaging apps: a study among Kinfra community, Malappuram” is based on the importance of instant messaging apps and the authenticity of the information sharing via those apps which helps the users to determine its reliability. The need to conduct a study based on trustworthiness of the information sharing is desirable and useful for the users. A structured questionnaire is used for collecting data which are personally distributed or sent through mail. The collected data are classified, analyzed. The investigator’s conclusion on whether or not instant messaging has negative effects on real-life social networks is, well, inconclusive. People have varying opinions on the topic, and there is evidence that can demonstrate both the pros and cons of using instant messaging. The safest thing to say is that the effect of online communication depends largely on the personality and habits of the user himself.

The present research tends to investigate the relationship between the learners’ creativity and English proficiency among Iranian EFL learners. It also tends to reveal whether there is a relationship between the learners’ creativity and gender on their English proficiency. It also explores the relationship between the learners’ creativity and gender. The participants in this study consisted of 150 undergraduate university students including 46 males and 104 females, majoring in English as a foreign language, from Shiraz Azad University. Two research instruments were used to gather the needed data for this study: 1. Torrance Test of Verbal Creativity. 2. Language Proficiency Test. Correlation coefficient, two-way ANOVA and T-test were used to analyze the collected data and the results were found as follows: 1) There is a significant relationship between the learners’ creativity and their English proficiency among EFL learners of Shiraz Azad University. 2) There is no significant relationship between the learners’ creativity and gender on their English proficiency among EFL learners of Shiraz Azad University. 3) There is a significant relationship between the learners’ creativity and their gender among EFL learners of Shiraz Azad University.

Table of contents for the month of March 2011

Management citizenship behaviors result in emerging staffs' citizenship behaviors and increase the efficiency of the workplace. Mutuality, trust, legitimacy and organizational justice are regarded among the norms based on which the managers must behave. Some influential factors in management citizenship behavior include marketing factors, organizational factors, the features of the staffs' market and the career. Management citizenship behavior has also some consequences such as staffs' citizenship behavior, conflict between managers and the staffs, and the working groups division. This article indicates the encouraging policies in terms of citizenship behavior in which the manager's encouragement is regarded as one of the management citizenship behaviors.

Fadwa Tvqan is one of famous poets in contemporary arabic poetry, especially Palestine. she was born in in the occupied city Nablus, and after that he became known in the land, he went to a hard journey to gain knowledge and experience and present them for the Arab nation.Fadwa's books of poetry, is full of word of love and its derivatives, such as joy, love, reaching, and so on;In other words we can say that the main focus of her first collection of poems, is love. For her, love is an area where has thousands manifestations that, is treatment of all pains, symbol of all dreams, and enliven all deaths, finally, in her viewpoint, love is loving word or liking look, so that she can build her story on the basis of it.This study is conducted to investigate the manifestations of love in the poetry of this poet ,where first, pointed out to the biography of the poet and her poetry, then studied her traits of character and traits of poetry, and in the end, discussed and examined the manifestations of love in her poetry in two-stage physical and emotional love and love of country.