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Without the help of measurement quality software cannot be built. Measurement is an essential aspect for achieving the basic management objectives of prediction, progress, and process improvement. Software measurement is the raw data associated with various elements of the software process and product. It acts as a quantitative basis for the development and validation of models for a software development process. The major goal of software metrics is identification and measurement of the essential parameters affecting the software development. An oft-repeated phrase by De Marco holds true; “You can’t manage what you can’t measure!” [DEM86]. All process improvement must be based on measuring where you have been, where you are now, and properly using the data to predict where you are heading. Collecting good metrics and properly using them always leads to process improvement! This paper gives an exhaustive overview of metrics used in software development in different language paradigms. Metrics are classified as procedure oriented, object oriented and web oriented metrics. The object oriented metrics are further classified into Chidamber and MOOD metrics. In an object-oriented system, traditional metrics which are generally applied to the methods comprising the operations of a class is also highlighted. Web based objects further classified as multimedia files, web building blocks, scripts and links are also described.

Motivation plays an integral role in any kind of learning in general and consequently language learning in particular. Demotivation,the other side of motivation (Dornyei, 2001a), is regarded as a very significant factor in language learning. As Dornyei (2001b) postulates in second language learning ,demotivation has a central role and more studiesare required to be undertaken in this regard(p. 5). However, there is a dearth of research in demotivation in both EFL and ESL contexts.They are categorized into three majorfields: Causes related to a) instructors, b) learning/teaching context, and c) learners.

Severe malaria continues to be one of the most common and serious life-threatening disease causing high morbidity and mortality world-wide. Multivariate statistical techniques including principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis (HCA) were applied to the raw data of severe malaria cases. PCA results identified two varifactors which were responsible for about 53% of the total variance in the data set. Rainfall possesses the highest strong positive loading (0.718) among the variables. HCA identified three spatial clusters representing high, moderate and low incidence zones. The study suggest prompt reporting of malaria cases to modern healthcare centres for proper attention so as to reduce the mortality rate attached to the disease.

In this article we introduce different proofs to the total sum of special sequences given by muslem mathematicians during the golden age of Islamic civilization

The placement of a patient undergoing chronical hemodialysis needs a double blood access[1]. This could be perment (arteriovenous fistula, vascular prothesis) or non permanent (short term catheter, long term catheter…)We have thus led a survey whose objective is to identify the survival factors and risk complicated ones especially for aged people.The multicenter study was conducted in December 2013 in six hemodialysis centers in the Oriental region. 102 patients have been under observation. The incidence of aged people in comparison with the whole hemodialysed people was 24%.The average age was 72+5.5 years. The sex ratio male/female was 1.04. 83% had a maintained physical autonomy. Only 14.7% of our patients had health insurance: a weak rate in comparison with the national average. High blood pressure and diabetes were the underlying etiologies behind dialysis.31% of nephropathies were of unknown origin. Toxic habits, tuberculosis, embolic stroke constituted the most antecedents in our patients. Renal failure was found uncontrolled in 55.9% of our observed patients and consequently urgent intervention was recommended for 54.9%.Half of our patients benefited from 2 dialysis sessions per week.The other half underwent three sessions a week. Renal failure was associated to a positive hepatitis C serology in 6.9% of our patients and only 1% had hepatitis B serology.85% of our patients had anemia among whom 56.9% were under erythropoietine EPO. 33% of our patients suffred from heart disease. The average number of vascular approaches was 1.5 and 59.9% were held the team of vascular surgery in Oujda. The catheters were the most used as a first vascular access (55.9%) , then came arteriovenous fistula for 44.1% of our patients.33.9% of the patients benefited from a second vascular approach that was for 85% of arteriovenous fistula, whereas, the remaining 15% used catheters. Only 17 patients benefited from a third vascular approach, thas is say 16%, most of whom were arteriovenous fistula. That is say. A fourth vascular approach was held for 4 patients having exclusively arteriovenous fistula.31.4 % of patients reported complications: Dysfunction was the most frequent immediate complication (5.9%), followed by thrombosis (3.9%), then comes hemorrhage (2.9%). Aneurysm was the most frequent tardive complication (13.7%) followed by dysfunction found in 5.9%. Thrombosis was found only in 2.9% of patients. Finaly, only one patient had infection of the vascular approach. On the basis of this one targetted research, we have come to notice that : Age, dialysis term, number of sessions per week, viral status B/C are predictive factors of complications for aged people.The optimal dialysis treatment at this age, not only involves nephrologists but also recommends a convenient surgical access.

There is no single or widely used definition of children’s literature. The international companion encyclopedia of children’s literature notes that “the boundaries of genre are not fixed but blurred”. Sometimes no agreement can be reached about whether a given work is best categorized as literature for adults or children.

Iron (II) Chromate nano particles were synthesized via chemical co precipitation method from Iron (II) chloride and Potassium Chromate. Structural and compositional properties were characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR and UV spectroscopy X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the preferential growth of Iron (II) Chromate nano particles that width is 61.27nm. The SEM image shows the synthesized Iron (II) Chromate show well crystallized particles with spherical morphology. The FTIR spectrum is used to study the stretching and bending frequencies of molecular functional groups in the sample. From UV spectrum, the band gap of Iron (II) Chromate nano particles is found to be 3.5eV. From AAS studies it is found that the absorbance is directly proportional to the concentration. The linear fit indicates that Iron Chromate nanoparticles have been distributed in proper proportion.

Synthesize of optically and high luminescence of ZnO quantum dots in this work. XRD pattern show pure ZnO QDs and are genuinely polycrystalline with a hexagonal wurtzite structure. A typical TEM image of the material showed that particles are spherical in shape and their average size is (4) nm. No quantum dots with a diameter less than 2 nm or larger than 6.5 nm are found. PL spectrum of ZnO QDs is composed of an ultraviolet (UV) emission centered at about 360 nm and a broad green emission centered at about 475 nm.

(E)-N1-(2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propylidene)benzene-1,2-diamine, an organic material has been synthesized and their chemical structure was confirmed by means of elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectral techniques. The molecular geometry has been interpreted with the aid of structure optimization based on DFT/B3LYP and HF methods with 6-31G(d,p)level theory. The SXRD data were compared with the optimized parameter. Optimized geometry parameters are very well agrees with the reported one. FT-IR spectrum is recorded at room temperature. Functional group assignment was discussed on the B3LYP and HF level theories. The chemical reactivity and charge density of the compounds was obtained by Mulliken and MEP surfaces. The energy gap, electronic properties were measured and discussed. The intramolecular charge transfer interaction and ?-electron cloud movement in title molecule must be responsible for the NLO properties.

Since the discovery of oil in the country, the attention of Nigeria's public revenue has gradually shifted from tax revenue to non-tax revenue. This has several consequences on economic growth and development in the country. This study examines the effects of tax revenue on selected macroeconomic indicators in Nigeria. It employed annual time series data from 1986 to 2015 for personal income tax (PIT), company income tax (CIT), petroleum profit tax (PPT), value added tax (VAT) as independent variables while the dependent variables are employment rate (ER) and price stability (PT). 2 (two) equations were developed to interrogate the relationships between the dependent and independent variables. An autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) model was adopted to examine the effect of tax revenue on the designated macroeconomic indicators. The results of the analysis for the 2 equations were mixed. With the overall significant effect of tax revenue on price stability, and the mixed (significant/insignificant) effect on employment rate, it is clear that the use of taxes seem to favour price stability rather than employment generation in Nigeria. Though insignificant, the speed of adjustment to equilibrium was very high for price stability while it became very slow for employment level. This study therefore recommends that Government should avoid multiple tax, but rather grant reasonable tax holidays and reduce taxation to encourage new investments and boost employment. A good part of tax should be allocated to upgrade social and economic infrastructures to reduce cost of doing business and improve profits for businesses that could be re-invested in the economy. Finally, government should strive to balance-off the incidences between income tax and service taxes in order to reduce the tax burden on civil/public workers, who have been observed to be the only segment that pay accurate tax to cushion the overall effect on the disposable incomes of these category.