Crystal Research

 The search for new NLO materials is a never ending process. Good quality Aluminium Nitrate doped Sulphamic Acid single crystals have been grown by slow evaporation technique. The unit cell parameters of the grown crystals were studied using single crystal XRD. The functional groups present in the grown crystal were identified by FTIR analysis. Optical behaviour of the grown crystal was investigated using UV-Vis-NIR studies. The thermal stability of the grown crystal was confirmed by Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)/Differential thermogravimetric analysis (DTA).The mechanical strength and Nonlinear optical property of the crystal were determined by Vicker’s Microhardness Test and Kurtz powder technique respectively.Nonlinear optical property of the crystal were determined by Vicker’s Microhardness Test and Kurtz powder technique respectively.

Good quality single crystals of a new semi organic Bis p- Nitrophenol Magnesium chloride (BPNPMC) were grown from solution by slow evaporation technique at room temperature. The grown crystal have been confirmed by single crystal X-Ray Diffraction Method. UV -Vis transmission and absorption studies reveals that the grown crystal were optically transparent through the visible range. The vibrational frequencies of various functional groups in the crystals have been derived from Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR). In the dielectric studies, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the crystal were measured as a function of frequency and various temperatures. The optical studies indicate the sample, optical transparency window is quite wide, making it suitable for NLO applications. Micro hardness studies were carried out to confirm the mechanical behavior of the crystal. The second harmonic generation (SHG) test has been confirmed by the Kurtz powder test and its efficiency 1.73 times higher than that of KDP.

The pressure – volume - temperature equation of state (EOS) of Vetreloy glasses is fundamental to high- pressure science because of its widespread use as an internal pressure standard. In the present work an attempt has been made to correlate Stacey K primed EOS (SRKP-EOS) with Kushwah EOS for calculating pressure at different compression ranges from (V/V₀ = 1.0 to V/V₀ = 0.5) for four different Zr based vetreloy glasses viz. Zr₄₁Ti₁₄Cu_12.5Ni₁₀Be_22.5, Zr₄₁Ti₁₄Cu_12.5Ni₉Be_22.5C₁, Zr₄₈Nb₈Cu₁₂Fe₈Be₂₄, and (Zr_0.59Ti_0.06Cu_0.23Ni_0.13)_85.7 and obtained result is compared with available theoretical data. The result shows that at compression range V/V₀=1.0 to V/V₀=0.6 both the EOS viz SRKP-EOS and Kushwah EOS cooperate well with available theoretical data proposed by Vinet but at compression V/V₀=0.5 they show a remarkable deviation.

4-aminopyridinium oxalate (4APO), an organic nonlinear optical single crystal has been grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies were carried out to determine the unit cell parameters.4APO crystallizes in monoclinic system. The grown crystal has been characterized by Fourier transform infrared and UV-Visible spectral studies. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) have been carried out to study the thermal behavior of the grown crystal. The mechanical stability of the grown crystal has been studied by using Vickers microhardness test. The Kurtz and Perry powder SHG technique confirms the NLO property of the grown crystal.

Nonlinear optical L-Alanine Lithium Nitrate (LALN) single crystal was grown by slow evaporation solution method at room temperature. The title compound was characterized by various methods such as UV-Vis Spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. The grown LALN was found to crystallize in orthorhombic system with space group P212121. The SHG efficiency of LALN was found to be 0.42 times that of potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (KDP) and 0.12 times that of urea.

2-methoxy-1-naphthaldehyde (2MN) an intriguing new organic material for frequency conversion has been grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique at room temperature. Their structural, optical and physicochemical properties were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, FTIR and UV-Vis spectra. The crystal belongs to monoclinic system with point group m and space group Cs. The material has a wide transparency in the entire visible region. It is found that the cutoff wavelength lies in the UV region. The mechanical response of the crystal has been studied using Vickers microhardness technique. The SHG relative efficiency of 2MN crystal was found to be 12 times higher than that of KDP and 1.6 times higher than that of Urea.

Semi-organic nonlinear optical crystal Pottasium hydrogen phthalate (KAP) crystals doped with mono, di, trivalent metal ion(Ag+,Ca2+,Cr3+) doped separately were grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique. The crystal system and lattice parameters were confirmed from the powder X-ray diffraction analysis. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) studies confirm the various functional groups present in the grown crystal. The transmittance of electromagnetic radiation is studied through UV-Visible spectrum. The mechanical property of grown crystals has been analyzed by Vicker’s microhardness method. The thermal behaviour of the grown crystals has been investigated by DTA and TGA analysis. SHG efficiencies were measured using Kurtz powder technique. The NLO efficiency of these crystals was measured and Ca2+ doped KAP have the highest SHG value than all other crystals.

Semi-organic nonlinear optical crystal of Glycine Zinc Chloride (GZC) crystals were grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique. The crystal system and lattice parameters were determined from the single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) studies confirm the various functional groups present in the grown crystal. The transmittance and absorbance of electromagnetic radiation is studied through UV-Visible spectrum. The mechanical property of grown crystals has been analyzed by Vicker’s micro hardness method. The thermal behaviour of the grown crystals has been investigated by DTA and TGA analysis.SHG efficiencies were measured using Kurtz powder technique. GZC has the NLO efficiency of 72% of KDP crystal.

Fillers added to the matrix material help to enhance the properties of a composite. The present research investigation has aimed to the electrical study on synthesized alumina fibre reinforced epoxy composites at room temperature with different concentration of alumina fibre along with different frequencies. Decrease in dielectric constant and dielectric loss is found on increasing the frequency. Increase in ac conductivity has been found on increasing the frequency as well as concentration of filler. The resultant samples were prepared by hand lay technique. Cluster of alumina fibre is found on the surface of epoxy composite when examined by Scanning electron microscopy.

This study presents the application of geophysical wireline logs for porosity and permeability characterization of “AHO” field, Eastern Niger Delta, Nigeria. The main objective of the study is to understand the effects of petrophysical parameters on reservoir quality of the field. A suite of wireline logs (gamma ray, resistivity, and density logs) from seven wells of “AHO” field were analyzed. Gamma ray log motif was used to delineate lithologies, delineate the top and base of reservoir units, and consequently determined petrophysical parameters using standard relations. The reservoir properties evaluated include porosity, permeability and fluid saturation. The study identified six (6) reservoir sand bodies (A, B, C, D, E, and F) delineated from their tops and bases at depth 3000ft – 5280ft. Petrophysical evaluation computed across the reservoir shows porosity ranging from 32.08 % to 37.47%; permeability 3067.72md to 4051.06md and average hydrocarbon saturation of 71.1% to 77.6% for reservoirs A-F. Plots of depth versus porosity shows that porosity decreases with increasing depth, and porosity versus permeability shows that permeability increases as porosity increases. From the analysis, the reservoirs show excellent porosity and permeability. The reservoirs in AHO field are of high quality to enhance hydrocarbon accumulation and production.