Physiology and Anatomy

The purposes of research were 1) to study the knowledge used by local folk healers, the condition of healing and services, the acceptance of the methods used by the folk healers in Loei Province, and 2) to develop the model for the promotion of the community health with the herbal wisdom of I-san folk healer participated by the related stakeholders. Mixed methods of quantitative and qualitative research were applied, the quantitative research was used in the survey, and the quantitative research was used in an in-depth interview, the participatory observation, and focus group discussion. The target groups in this study consisted of the registered folk healers from 14 districts of Loei who still perform the healing, the local people who get the services or used to get the services from the folk healers, the senior people in the areas, and Thai traditional medicine scholars. The findings were as follows. All folk healers treat the illness according to the systems of human body. The healing condition in which the folk healers used was related to the belief of local culture that the folk healers believe, including (1)the belief in the causes of illness, (2) 4 elements and 5 aggregates of life, (3) astrological belief on fate, (4) astrological belief on the causes of illness, (5) the belief on the 4 elements of life, (6) the belief in the rite of Thai traditional medicine, (7) the belief and the rite on the herbs, and (8) the belief on the village herbs and the elimination of illness.

The neurosarcoïdosis, is a rare granulomatosis, which causes serious neurological troubles. Until today, there is no consensus about its diagnosis. The stereotaxic biopsy appears to be the gold standard, for histological and definitivel diagnostic of this pathology. Our goal is to show through a case report the importance of the STB, in definitive diagnostic of cerebral granulomatosis; The case is about a young adult, who had clinical neurological disorders, going through an experimental therapeutic, and shows complications, and the STB corrects the diagnosis, so that without this gesture, the patient should have died.

Colic metaplasia of the bladder urothelium is a rare benign tumor. It is most often asymptomatic and discovered in a prolonged chronic inflammatory context. However, there are some rare proliferative forms with a polypoid aspect more or less exuberant. We report a case of colonic metaplasia of the bladder mucosa producing a pseudo-tumoral appearance, with review of the literature.

Spermatocytic seminoma is a rare malignant tumor of the testis that is characterized by an extremely low metastatic potential. This tumor is distinguished from other testicular germ cell tumors including classical seminoma by histological and immunohistochemical features clean. Previously, it was treated in the same way as conventional seminomas by prophylactic irradiation of para-aortic lymph nodes and iliac after orchiectomy. The currently accepted approach is surveillance. The rarity of this tumor makes diagnosis difficult, but its identification is very important to avoid any further treatment to patients after the initial surgery. We report a case of spermatocytic seminoma in a 42 year old patient and discuss the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic features of this condition.

Scrub typhus is an acute, febrile, infectious illness caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. Humans are accidental hosts in this zoonotic disease1. Scrub typhus presents as fever with little to distinguish it clinically from co-endemic diseases like typhoid, leptospirosis, and dengue. The presence of an eschar supports the diagnosis but is variably present.2 Scrub typhus is prevalent in many parts of India but specific data are not available3. There have been outbreaks in areas located in the sub-Himalayan belt, from Jammu to Nagaland. There were reports of scrub typhus outbreaks in Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Darjeeling during 2003-2004 and 2007. Scrub typhus is a re-emerging infectious disease in India4.

The Pathologic fractures usually occur during normal activity or minor trauma due to weakening of the bone by disease .The clinical features was minor injury force, spontaneous fracture, and functional fracture. These fractures occurred in giant cell tumors, chondroma, solitary fibrous tumor of bone, aneurismal cyst, fibroma desmoplastic, fibrous dysplasis, osteoid osteoma in patients with no story of trauma. The surgical treatment consisted to curette the tumor bone and the fixation was made by different materials (nails, pins, blade plates) followed by cancellous grafting or resection-reconstruction. Six months later, we noted only one case of recurrence in giant cell tumor of the knee and was amputed. All patients were consolidated and the functional long term prognosis was excellent after physiotherapy

To find out combinations of the most effective cytomorphologic features to diagnose a case of breast lesion. To measure accuracy of combination of criteria used to diagnose a specific breast lesion. To determine the utility of FNAC and its continuing role in diagnosing breast lesions. Retrospective analysis of 460 patients with breast lesion referred to the Department of Pathology, Mahavir Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Patna, for FNAC and later on confirmed by HPE were included in the study, irrespective of age. Lumpectomy provided the diagnosis in 107 cases. In the present study we found that the combination of criteria assessed, enabled the segregation of breast lesions into different categories with high significance values, which will be more effective in diagnosis of disease. Combined criteria provide better results and a practical way of expressing our opinion as more objective and precise diagnosis which is good from clinician’s point of view too.

Hepatitis b surveillance among butchers was undertaken in Port Harcourt metropolis. The study population comprised 700 apparently healthy butchers, selling within the selected slaughter houses. The survey covered a period of 1year, from February, 2010 to January 2011.The exclusion criteria used included history of Hepatitis B immunization and professional duration less than one year. HBV infection was detected by assay of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), using Pitis immunochromatographic and Clinotech Diagnostic Immunochromatographic Strips. HBV Seroprevalence was 13.71% (butchers). In the sections, cattle butchers scored the highest seroprevalence (18%). In the categories, slab butchers had the highest seroprevalence (26.79%). The age brackets with the highest HBV seroprevalence (28.4%) and (22.32%) were respectively 42-52yrs (biological) and 22-28yrs (professional). and although these were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of their controls, there was no linear relationship between ages and seroprevalence. Seroprevalence significantly (p<0.05) associated with risk factors in connection with butchery than social and medico-activities among butchers while reverse was the case with non-butchers and more butchers.

The combined concept of image processing [9] and neural network [3] [4] can be used in many applications like security system, medical imaging system, forensic identification system, biometric identification system and human computer interaction system (HCI) etc. Face recognition [4] [6] [7] [8] is a common approach used in security system, forensic identification system and biometric identification system. In this paper we will show how the concept of face recognition can be used to recognize the facial expression of a person. Here we use some image processing techniques like 2D-DCT [2] to compress the digital images and some preprocessing techniques to enhance the performance and then we use the concept of neural network like SOM (Self Organizing Map)[3]-[8] to recognize the facial expression efficiently. Here we use an image database consisting a number of faces of each expression to make a face space. For example, we use 10 sets of smiley faces (same person or different persons) to make a smiley face space. Now if a given image has to be recognized, the SOM will detect in which class it belongs to. The accuracy of our approach is depends on the number of epochs used in the SOM and the number of training face images.

The Russell-Silver syndrome is a rare genetic disease, with various clinical presentations. Little is known about its developmental delay and methods of treatment in the literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of physical therapy to treat a child with developmental delay caused by Russell-Silver syndrome. The intervention was performed over a period of one year, during 1-hour, twice a week, at the University Hospital of the Federal University of Sergipe (UFS). Motor performance and functional capacity were assessed by using the Inventory of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability (PEDI). Data were analyzed quantitatively, comparing pre-and post-treatment measures. After the intervention, there was a significant increase in scores for analysis in the areas of self-care and social function. In the area of mobility, the scores also increased, showing an improvement of the engine and consequently higher degree of functionality of the child, but the infant kept showing a lower level of development when compared with typically developing children at the same age. Physical therapy was an efficacious method of intervention, enhancing and acelerating the motor and functional development in a infant with Russell-Silver syndrome.