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Diverse soil management practices exist even within a narrow transect of farming areas in Nepal. This variation is principally due to location of farm households along the spatial gradient, infrastructure availability, market demands and farmers’ awareness to on-farm resource conservation. Over-exploitation of farm resources was negligible and disturbance to agro-ecology was minimal in the past couple of decades. In the last decade, however, due to a massive sprawl in the available farmlands along with a shift of subsistence farming towards market-oriented conventional approach, prime agricultural lands have been over-exploited. This led to negative repercussion on production base and farmers’ livelihoods. This paper concerns with the simulation of farm income through spatial modeling considering the strategy of sustainable soil management practices. Spatial modeling shows higher farm income gains due to intervention in rural areas (low income zone) and peri-urban areas (high income zone) with existing unsustainable soil management practices. Spatial explicit assessment shows that integration of micro-survey into spatial environment and subsequently modeling of present and future situation would add more information on the results from conventional surveys. Therefore spatial effects should be duly considered while formulating agriculture and rural development policies.

Synovialosarcoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas. Despite its name, the synoviolosarcome does not seem to be of synovial origin, but is rather derived multipotent cells. Paradoxically, the more often it is tumors that are within distance joints. Synovialosarcoma is in order of frequency the third histological type among soft tissue sarcomas. Complete surgical removal of the tumor is the basis of traitement.la adjuvant radiotherapy for appears beneficial residual tumor. As for chemotherapy, it remains to be explored its role.

Recently, the synthesis of 2-hydroxybenzoinhydrazone, 2-hydroxybenzoinphenylhydrazone and 2-hydroxybenzoinsemicarbazone with hydrazine hydrate, phenyl hydrazine and semicarbazide hydrochloride in presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide in DMF-water (80%) medium respectively. Similarly, furoinhydrazone, furoinphenylhydrazone, furoinsemicarbazone were synthesized by the interactions of furoinbenzoin with hydrazine hydrate, phenyl hydrazine and semicarbazide hydrochloride in presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide in DMF-water (80%) medium respectively. The synthesis of 2-hydroxybenzoin and furoinbenzoin were carried out by the known literature method. The structure of all the synthesized compounds were justified on the basis of chemical characteristics, elemental and I.R. and NMR spectral analysis.Benzoin hydrazone and its metal complexes were synthesized from substituted benzoinhydrazone. They were characterized by elemental analysis and spectral analysis. The synthesized complexes were screened for antimicrobial activity. At a concentration of 1000µgm/ml. Which was serially diluted to determine their MIC value .

Lignin is a major component of wood, which is recalcitrant in nature and is not easily degraded. Its recycling is essential for the carbon cycle. Waste products from paper, pulp and wood industries impair with soil and water bodies leading to accumulation of lignin. In this review various effective physical, chemical, physico- chemical, thermo- chemicals and electrical method are discussed for lignin removal along with biological deterioration of lignin with the help of organisms (insects, fungus and bacteria). Use of microbes and insect for lignin deterioration is termed as lignin biodegradation. Lignin degradation with the help of fungi is well studied but much less studied in bacteria and insects. The present review deals with the biodegradation of lignin with the help of microbes.

Methyl-2-dihydroxyphenylsulfide was synthesized with the aim of characterizing antioxidant action. Its ability to break off oxidation chain in the reaction with peroxide radicals, as well as parameter of f•k which characterizes inhibiting activity of inhibitor, were studied.

The novel ligand complexes of Cu(II),Fe(II),Co(II) and Bi(V) with biological active streptomycin and oxime were prepared and characterized by spectral techniques. The cell parameters was determined by X-ray powder pattern and the molecular models represents a better understanding of the arrangement of the atoms in the molecules in three dimensions.

The main aim of this study is analysis of job satisfaction and emotional intelligence between staffs in private banks in Kermanshah. This study is according to descriptive analysis and reaching branch and information gathering tools is questionnaire and for assessing job satisfaction we use briefed and worth 18 questionnaires and for assessing emotional intelligence we use Mayer and Salvoy 27questionaries. Sample population volume 270 subjects from staff's private banks in Kermanshah and according to sampling random way some of them had been chosen a stoical population and finally we collected 92 questions airs. For determining normality of data we use Kolmogorov -Simonov test and results of tests confirm normality of data so meaningful relationship between them had approved.

An attempt has been made to determine a distribution pattern of watermoulds in slightly acidic (pH 6.5 – 7.0), near neutral (pH 7.0 – 7.5), slightly alkaline (pH 7.5 – 8.0) and moderately alkaline (pH 8.0 – 8.5) soils in Gorakhpur (India). The watermoulds, belonging to Saprolegniaceae and Blastocladiaceae families, have shown a variable occurrence in the soils of varying pH from slightly acidic to moderately alkaline. Pythiopsis cymosa has been classified under slightly acidic soil type whereas Allomyces arbuscula, Allomyces moniliformis and Allomyces javanicus, all belonging to family Blastocladiaceae, have been found to be distributed within slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.5 – 7.5) soils. Saprolegnia diclina and Saprolegnia ferax were restricted to neutral to slightly alkaline (7.0 – 8.0) soil pH whereas Achlya orion, Achlya diffusa and Brevilegnia spp. (unidentified species of Brevilegnia) have been classified as constant type. The present studies indicate Aphanomyces laevis to be characteristic of neutral to moderately alkaline (7.0 – 8.5 pH) soils and Brevilegnia bispora and Brevilegnia indica as slightly alkaline type (7.5 – 8.0 pH). In vitro variable pH experiments have shown that the watermoulds itself modify the pH of the medium and, then develop different stages of their life cycle or vice versa. Temperature has been found to modify the pH of pure water, pond water and soil-extract water and therefore, this distinctly identifies the importance of temperature in pH mediated distribution of watermoulds.

The aim of this paper is to bring the National and Spiritual identities, which are portrayed in the novel “Kanthapura” (1938) by Raja Rao. He focuses on two individual leaders and their beliefs, the actual and the mythicized figure of Gandhi, and his transmutation into Moorthy, the saintly hero of the novel. Yet interestingly he never has an actual meeting with Gandhi. He has only seen him in a ‘vision’ addressing a public meeting with him pushing his way through the crowd and joining the band of volunteers and receiving inspiration by a touch of Gandhi’s hand. The influence of Mahatma Gandhi’s practical philosophy and the social and the political aspects of his working programme are immense on the novel.

This paper examines the role of financial development in economic growth of Pakistan. We have generated financial development index for capturing the financial development in Pakistan, along with financial development we have also chosen some explanatory variables which are closely related to economic growth. We have used annual time series data from 1972 to 2013 and used ARDL model for empirical analysis. The result of our study states that financial development is positively related with economic growth.