Physiology and Anatomy

To study mean platelet volume (MPV) and its relationship with glycemic control in type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Study Design: Case control study Place and Duration: June to November 2012. One hundred Type 2 DM and forty healthy controls were selected through non-probability purposive sampling according to inclusion and exclusion criteria The subjects were divided into; controls (group I), controlled diabetics (groups II) and uncontrolled diabetics (group III). Blood samples were collected in bottles containing sodium citrate and processed on automated hematoanalyzer. Blood glucose and HbA1c were measured on automated chemistry analyzer. The Data was analyzed on SPSS version 20.0 using one way-ANOVA, Fischer`s LSD and Pearson’s correlation (r). A p-value of <0.05 was taken statistically significant. Out of 140 subjects, male and female in groups I, II and III were found as 26 and 14, 34 and 16, and 22 and 28 respectively. The mean ± SD age was noted as 45.18 ± 8.84, 46.36 ± 5.98 and 43.64 ± 9.01 years respectively (p ? 0.09). A highly significant platelet count difference was observed between groups I and III (p<0.001). The MPV was found as 9.7±0.68, 9.94±0.69 and 11.28±1.15 fl (femtolitre) in three groups respectively (p<0.0001). Significantly higher MPV values were found in uncontrolled diabetic subjects compared with normal healthy controls and controlled diabetics (p=0.0001). The MPV was positively correlated with HbA1c (r=0.540, p=0.0001) and duration of DM (r=0.410, p=0.0001), negatively correlated with platelet count (r=-0.6, p=0.4) and correlation was not found with age (r=0.30, p=0.69) and gender (r=0.10, p=0.20). Mean platelet volume was found elevated in type 2 DM particularly in those having uncontrolled glycemic control. The MPV was positively correlated with HbA1c and duration of DM but negatively correlated with platelet count.

The linear and mass attenuation coefficients have been estimated for four selected Ghanaian hardwood species namely Kroma (Klainedoxa gabonensis), Potrodom (Erythrophleum africanum), Dahoma (Piptadenia africana) and Odum (Milicia excelsa), using a selection of eight X-ray qualities with tube voltages ranging from 34 kV to 150 kV generated by a Philips MG324 Constant Potential X-ray Generator. For Kroma of average density, 1055.7 kg m-3, the mass attenuation coefficients range from 1.52 ± 0.05E-6 to 5.29 ± 0.05E-6 m2 kg-1. For Potrodom of average density, 1013.0 kg m-3, the mass attenuation coefficients range from 1.53 ± 0.05E-6 to 4.06 ± 0.05E-6 m2 kg-1. For Dahoma of average density, 785.5 kg m-3, the mass attenuation coefficients range from 1.35 ± 0.05E-6 to 3.94 ± 0.05E-6 m2 kg -1. For Odum of average density, 582.3 kg m-3, the mass attenuation coefficients range from 1.54 ± 0.05E-6 to 5.41 ± 0.05E-6 m2 kg -1. Experimental results show that for both high and medium filtered X-ray spectra, Kroma has the highest linear attenuation coefficient and is therefore, the most efficient attenuator, followed by Potrodom, Dahoma and then Odum. Half and tenth-value layers of Kroma and Potrodom have been found to be comparable to that of gypsum wallboard, a material of approximate density, 700 kg m-3 intermittently used for shielding against scatter radiation in some medical X-ray diagnostic facilities. Furthermore, X-ray attenuation characteristics of Kroma and Potrodom compare well with that of gypsum wallboard, thereby rendering it a suitable alternative shielding material that could be considered in low-level X-ray applications such as in dentistry and mammography in Ghana.

In facial scar correction, there is a shortage of soft tissue. Hence, reconstruction using tissue from surrounding areas needs to be performed. However, the tissue from distant area does not guarantee similarity in color, function and texture. Further, additional scars in the donor site are also inevitable. Replacement using tissue with similar colour and texture is one of the major challenges in facial reconstruction. In order to overcome this hurdle, tissue expanders are used. This has become a more practical and easy way of facial reconstruction surgeries.

The present study aimed to explore knowledge and various myths related to Diabetes mellitus and antidiabetic drugs in our population. A descriptive cross sectional survey was conducted at the weekly diabetic clinic of Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro over one year period. A sample of 560 subjects was studied including both diabetics and non-diabetics. A pre-structured proforma was used to gather information. The questions regarding myths and knowledge about diabetes mellitus and antidiabetic drugs were asked. The data was analyzed using the Statistix (USA version 8.1.) computer software statistical package. The continuous and categorical variables were analyzed using student`s t - test and Chi-square respectively. Regarding the antidiabetic drug therapy, a highly aberrant behavior of diabetics was noted. Only 42.2% of the diabetics were taking antidiabetic drugs regularly, rest were using drugs as on-off or on-demand therapy. The myths were noted as; Diabetics can take honey as it alleviates the blood sugar, herbal agents completely cure diabetes mellitus and diabetes is a disease of urine. The most dangerous myths were noted for the insulin therapy. Many diabetics responded that the insulin is a poison, which once started cannot be stopped. The insulin is used for those who are near to die and is not good for health. The myths and lack of proper knowledge of Diabetes mellitus are prevalent among population which could be associated with poor health seeking behavior; and increased morbidity and mortality.

A 6-years-old girl was admitted in the ophthalmology emergency room for right penetrating intraorbital trauma by a voluminous piece of wood. The intraorbital trajectory was analyzed by CT scan and 3D images reconstruction. The wood foreign body has crossed upper and lower eyelids and then has emerged from the right nasal cavity through the medial canthus. The eyeball was intact. Extraction of the fragment associated with an adapted antibiotic treatment led to clinical improvement with complete recovery. This trauma, despite its serious aspect, fortunately did not have functional consequences.

Strangulation is a form of violent asphyxial death and majority of cases are homicidal in nature. This report illustrates an unusual cause of accidental strangulation death of 44 years old female caused due to chunni (a piece of cloth worn around the neck by most Indian women) being caught in moving sugarcane crusher. She was immediately taken to the emergency department of PGIMS Rohtak, where a few hours later she was declared dead, despite all the resuscitation and IVF/drugs. In summary, this case exemplifies the unsuspected inherent danger of wearing long scarf (chunni) while working with machinery.

We report the case of Mr. FL aged 60 , former smoking with 15 packs / year weaned ago 30 years, no particular medical history who underwent total cystoprostatectomy bladder tumor infiltrating the muscle 14 years ago enterocystoplasty with it .

Traumatic hip dislocation in children is a rare disease .We report the case of a child aged 11 years old male who presented a posterior pure dislocation of the left hip after a sports accident. A reduction in emergency was performed with a perfect radiological control. Subsequent treatment consisted of pulling stuck for 45 days. The child was seen with a decline of 1 year. Hip was considered normal. This entity is exceptional in small children It may be secondary to minimal trauma as coxa valga or excessive femoral neck anteversion or ligamentous laxity may explain a predisposition to this dislocation. His prognosis is very good if urgent care is performed.

Nephrogenic metaplasia is a benign tumor characterized by urothelial tubulo - papillary structures. It is also called nephrogenic adenoma . It is a benin lesion and highly prone to recurrency. We report a case of a bladder nephrogenic metaplasia of a 65 years old patient with hematuria and POLLAKIURIA. Clinical examination was normal . Ultrasonography showed a circumferential thickening bladder , while cystoscopy showed a tumor at the dome and the right side. A transurethral resection of the bladder was performed. Histological study concluded at the existence of nephrogenic metaplasia of the bladder mucosa . The evolution was favorable and postoperative controls, including cystoscopy and intravenous urography (IVU ) at 1, 3 and 6 months were normal.

The growth hormone concentrations of 25 male students of Madonna University, Elele within the age group of 19-27years were determined pre and post exercise and compared. Growth hormone levels were assayed using the commercially available Human Growth Hormone quantitative test kit whose principle is based on a solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The data generated was calculated statistically using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 17. The result showed significant difference in 4.23 ± 0.90 ng/ml in pre exercise and 15.13 ± 1.83 ng/ml in post exercise (P<0.05).There was significant increase in growth hormone pre and Post exercise at different age groups 19-21years(3.61 ± 0.90 ng/ml and 16.18 ± 4.40 ng/ml), 22-24(2.35 ± 0.77 ng/ml and 14.64 ± 2.09 ng/ml) and 25-27 (9.71 ± 2.91 ng/ml and 14.65 ± 4.14 ng/ml). The study has shown that exercise can affect concentration of growth hormone.