Physiology and Anatomy

To investigate the protective effect of ?-Tocopherol (?-TP) in monosodium glutamate (MSG) induced liver injury in albino rat model. Experimental/Analytical study Place and Duration: Animal House, Isra University Hyderabad from February to September 2013.Subjects and Methods: Sixty albino rats were divided into three groups; Group 1. Controls received 0.9% isotonic saline, Group 2. received MSG orally (3mg/kg), and Group 3. received the MSG orally (3mg/kg) + ?-TP (0.2 mg/kg). Blood samples were collected for liver biochemical assays. The animals were sacrificed, liver tissue, after fixation in 4% formaldehyde, was embedded in paraffin. Tissue sections of 5? thickness were subjected to haematoxylin and eosin staining and were assessed by light microscopy. The data was analyzed on SPSS 21.0 using appropriate statistical tests. A p-value of ? 0.05 was taken statistically significant.Results: The liver biochemical and histological findings reveal statistically significant differences among the controls, MSG and MSG+ ?-TP groups (p=0.0001). Liver enzymes and histology was deranged significantly in MSG group compared to controls and MSG+?-TP group (p=0.0001). The MSG+?-TP group shows less elevation of liver enzymes and derangement in liver histology when compared to MSG group (p=0.001). The histological findings of congestion, inflammatory cell infiltrate, vacuolar degeneration and necrosis were found prominently in MSG group animal. The monosodium glutamate has deleterious effects on liver. It is important to reconsider the monosodium glutamate as a food flavor additive. ?-tocopherol protects against monosodium glutamate induced liver injury.

To investigate hepatoprotective effect of concentrated prune juice extract (CPJ) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver injury in albino rat model. Animal House, Isra University Hyderabad from May to December 2012. Subjects and Methods: Forty five albino rats were divided into three groups; Group1. Controls received 0.9% isotonic saline, Group 2. Received CCl4 orally (1.9mg/kg) mixed in olive oil, and Group 3. received the CCl4+CPJ. Blood samples were collected for liver biochemical assays. The animals were sacrificed, liver tissue, after fixation in 4% formaldehyde, was embedded in paraffin. Tissue sections of 5? thickness were subjected to haematoxylin and eosin staining and were assessed by light microscopy. The data was analyzed on Statistix 8.1 using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc test. A p-value of ? 0.05 was taken statistically significant. The liver biochemical and histological findings reveal statistically significant differences among the controls, CCl4 and CCl4+CPJ groups (p=0.0001). Liver enzymes and histology was deranged significantly in CCl4 group compared to controls and CCl4+CPJ group (p=0.0001).The CCl4+CPJ group shows less elevation of liver enzymes and derangement in liver histology when compared to CCl4 group (p=0.001). The histological findings of congestion, inflammatory cell infiltrate, vacuolar degeneration and necrosis are found prominent in CCl4 group. The present study concludes that Concentrated Prune Juice extract showed hepatoprotective effect against carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury.

The present study was conducted to determine the count of the number of adipocytes subcutaneous and intra-abdominal compartments and association with cardiometabolic diseases. Cross sectional study. March 2012 to April 2013 at the Departments of Anatomy, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad. A sample of 80 subjects was selected through non-probability purposive sampling including obese and non obese female undergoing elective cesarean section. Adipose tissue from subcutaneous and intra-abdominal sites was obtained during surgery. Tissue sections of 4? thickness were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H & E). Counting of the number of adipocytes per unit area was carried out through ocular grid. The data was analyzed on Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. A p-value of ? 0.05 was taken statistically significant. The number of adipocytes in obese and non-obese from subcutaneous and intra-abdominal compartments showed significant differences. (p?0.01). An increased number of adipocytes were observed in intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAT) from abdomen of obese compared to non-obese and subcutaneous compartment (p=0.0001). Significant differences were observed in obese and non-obese for the diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, hypertension and dyslipidemia. (p<0.01). An increased number of adipocytes were observed in intra-abdominal adipose tissue and was associated with cardiometabolic diseases.

The present study was conducted to evaluate wound healing potential of Nigella sativa L. oil extract on induced skin wounds in animal model. The present experimental study was conducted at animal house of Isra University from May to August 2013. A sample of 30 male rabbits was divided into three groups; Group 1. (n=10) controls, Group 2. (n=10) treated with Bacitracin powder and Group 3. (n=10) treated with Nigella sativa (NS) oil extract. The skin of rabbits was shaved after anesthetized with 1% xylocaine subcutaneously. The wound size was observed on days 4, 8 and 12. The tissue samples were embedded in paraffin, and stained with H&E and Masson`s trichrome staining for microscopy. Data was analyzed on SPSS 21.0 using ANOVA and post-Hoc Duncan`s test. Significant p-value was defined at ?0.5. The controls (Group 1) wounds showed severe inflammatory response compared with Bacitracin (Group 2) and NS (Group 3) L. oil extract groups. The animals showed significant differences in wound size days 4, 8 and 12 days among groups (p<0.001) except for controls and Bacitracin groups on 8th day (p=0.06). The wounds in NS group showed abundant robust granulation tissue formation and accelerated wound healing. The Bacitracin group also showed better wounds compared to controls. The microscopy revealed marked vascularity and collagen fibers in NS group compared to either. It can be concluded form present study that the NS oil extract has wound healing potential as indicated by gross wound size and histological findings of skin wound in rabbit model.

To investigate the effect of Garlic extract on hematological parameters and blood lipid profile in albino rat model. Experimental/Analytical study Place and Duration: Animal House, Isra University Hyderabad from May to November 2013. Sixty adult albino rats were divided into four groups; Group I. controls received 0.9% isotonic saline, Group II. Received garlic extract orally (100 mg/kg), Group III. Received garlic extract orally (200 mg/kg) and Group IV. Received the garlic extract (300 mg/kg) for 30 days. Blood samples were collected for hematological analysis and plasma lipids. The data was analyzed on Statistix 8.1 (USA) using one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni and Chi-square tests. A p-value of ?0.05 was taken statistically significant. The hematological and plasma lipids fractions showed significant differences between the controls, and experimental garlic groups at different doses (p=0.001). The hemoglobin, packed cell volume, red and white cell counts, and platelets were raised in garlic extract groups particularly in high doses of 300mg/kg. The differential white blood cell counts also revealed significant differences. The plasma lipids showed a reduction in total cholesterol, LDL-c and a rise in HDL-c levels. (p=0.001). The garlic extract influences hematological parameters in albino rats and reduces plasma lipids fractions which may be protective against cardiovascular disease.