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The impact of soil quality indicators under small farm holding management practices was assessed to ascertain the status of soils and their potentials for sustainable agricultural development in Kaita, Mashi and Mai-adua Local Government Areas of Northern Katsina State, Nigeria. A total of 240 soil samples were collected for physical and chemical analyses. Perception of soil quality was investigated through the administration of 600 questionnaires. The Results indicated that pH value was optimum for crop production; PBS was low, but adequate and Ec within acceptable limits across the study area. SAR, ESP and OC contents vary within the Local Governments. It was concluded that farm management practices have effects on soil quality, and ultimately, crop yield.

The present work aimed mainly to isolate specific strains of microalgae potentially used in nutrition program in hatcheries. Six indigenous strains of microalgae with high interest were isolated herein using different techniques. Four species of diatoms were gender identified as Navicula sp1, Navicula sp2, Nitzschia sp and Melosira sp, while two species of flagellates were gender identified as Tetraselmis sp and Isochrysis sp. These native species have shown a high growth productivity comparing to other reference species mainly used as feeding source in aquaculture. Given that, hatcheries in Morocco are currently arising, a native algal collection is needed as well.

Ecofeminist theorists advocate the subsistence perspective as the lone solution for all postcolonial problems. Booker Prize winning Indian English writers Arundhathi Roy and Kiran Desai are analysed as having subscribed to the requirements of the ecofeminists .Far from the accepted surmise of these writers as having given a morbid picture of the postcolonial scenario, it is concluded that there is indeed a solution on offer- the retrieval of the female principle which is rooted in the connectedness of nature comprising its entire gamut of flora and fauna. The novels analysed are ‘The God Of Small Things’ and ‘The Inheritance of Loss.’

The ectopic right coronary artery arising from the left main coronary is a very rare anomaly. This abnormality is often asymptomatic and is fortuitously discovered with coronary angiography. Nevertheless, it can be associated with serious cardiac events including sudden death. This risk is mainly related to the course that the ectopic coronary artery travels to reach the heart territory that it irrigates. We report the case of a 60-year-old patient presenting a left common trunk divided into three arteries : a dominated right coronary artery with tight ostial stenosis, a left descending artery and a circumflex artery.

Nosocomial infections in the hospitals disseminated from the cotton fabrics of health care professionals and patients leads to severe complications like respiratory, gastrointestinal and urinary tract infections. Since the hospital based textile materials like cotton and polyester has good surface properties, it can harbour large number of microorganisms. Hence in this study, two different antibacterial drugs showing synergistic properties were attached to different fabricsusing beta-cyclodextrin as a cross-linker with the aim that, treated fabric could act as barriers against transmission of challenge organisms. Inorder to decrease the drug resistant property of the nosocomial pathogens, a fluoroquinolone and a nitroimidazole compounds were mixed at suitable composition based on their synergistic behaviour. Both the compounds were modified to act as reactive dyes and were covalently bonded to the surface of cotton and polyester in order to impart antibacterial properties. The assay used for measuring antibacterial properties was based on the AATCC Test Method-100. The treated fabric was also subjected to multiple washings to determine its durability based on the AATCC Test Method-124. To determine the mode of action of these drugs, DNA of the pathogens were extracted and analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis for drug treated and untreated fabrics. The difference in the number of viable bacteria after ‘0’ contact time and 18 hours contact time with treated fabrics were statistically calculated with P<0.05 considered significant.

Three different south Indian fruits’ seeds have been selected and subjected to test their synergistic antibacterial activity against certain human pathogenic bacteria of clinical source which includes both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Both sensitive and MDR bacterial strains have been included in this study. Ethanol and water were used as solvents to extract the seeds. The crude extracts were prepared by the ordinary method . Among that, the ethanolic seed extracts had shown its maximum synergistic antibacterial activity towards the tested bacterial strains and recorded as the most effective extractant. Terminalia chebula, Vitis vinifera and Punica granatum seed extracts were tested singly for their antibacterial activity and also tested for its synergistic antibacterial activity with their paired extract combinations. Among the tested combinations, Terminalia chebula seed extract found to shown its maximum synergistic antibacterial activity with Vitis vinifera seed extract.The least leval antibacterial and synergistic antibacterial activity was recorded with the single as well as paired extract with Punica granatum seed extract combinations . From this we conclude that the bioactive compounds present in the seed extracts of Terminalia chebula, effectively acted against the human pathogenic sensitive and MDR bacterial strains, than Vitis vinifera and Punica granatum seed extracts. Further this can be prescribed along with other medicinal choice for treating the bacterial infections, including the drug resistant infections.

The crystal structure of the title organic-inorganic hybrid material [C₃H₆N₃S₂]H₂PO₄, has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the noncentrosymmetric orthorhombic space group Pna2₁ with the lattice parameters a = 7.662 (1), b = 26.553 (3), c =  4.4258 (6) Å, V = 900.4 (2) Å3, and Z = 4. The framework is built upon layers parallel to (0 1 0) made up from H₂PO₄^- entities associated by O---H...O strong hydrogen bonds. The organic cations are located between the layers and connect them via N-H…O and C-H…O hydrogen bonding network. The exocyclic C-N bond length reveals the presence of the imine and enamine tautomers in the starting reagent. Results from solid state ¹H, ³¹P, ¹³C and ¹⁵N spectroscopy are in good agreement with the X-ray structure. Density functional theory calculations allowed for the assignment of the carbon and nitrogen peaks to the independent crystallographic sites.

Copper (II) Phosphate nano particles were synthesized via chemical co precipitation method from Copper Sulphate and Sodium Phosphate. The formed nano particle is characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Ultra-violet spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, confirmed the preferential growth of Copper (II) Phosphate nano particles that width is 55.08 nm. The SEM image shows the synthesized Copper (II) Phosphate show well crystallized particles with cauli flower like morphology. The FTIR spectrum is used to study the stretching and bending frequencies of molecular functional groups in the sample. From UV spectrum, the band gap of Copper (II) Phosphate nano particles is found to be 2.5 eV. From AAS studies it is found that the absorbance is directly proportional to the concentration. The linear fit indicates that Copper (II) Phosphate nanoparticles have been distributed in proper proportion.

In an attempt to control multidrug resistant bacteria, a library of some new heterocyclic derivatives containing pyrazoline, isoxazole and pyrimidine ring systems bearing 1,3,5- triazine core were designed and synthesised from chalcones. Chalcones (AI-AV) react with hydrazine hydrate / glacial aceticacid, hydroxylamine hydrochloride / alkali and guanidine hydrochloride / alkali gives 1-acetyl pyrazoline (BI-BV), isoxazole (CI-CV) and 2-amino pyrimidine (DI-DV) derivatives respectively. The structures of all the newly synthesised compounds were assigned on the basis of FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectral data as well as elemental analysis. In vitro antimicrobial proficiency of the title compounds were assessed against selected pathogens. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by broth dilution method and recorded at the lowest concentration inhibiting growth of the organism. Compounds BI, BII, CII, CIII and DV exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity and said to be the most proficient members of the series.

Duloxetine, a medication with effects on both serotonin and noradrenaline transporter molecules, has recently been approved for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Thus, the aim of the present study was to synthesis and formulates enteric coated pellets for delayed release and to characterise the physico-chemical property and dissolution. Duloxetin was prepared by photochemical reaction of n-bromo succinamide in carbon tetra chloride in the presence of catalytic amount of benzoyl peroxide. The prepared Duloxetine hydrochloride powder was then blended with mannitol and disodium hydrogen phosphate and sieved through 250 micron screen mesh to prepare dusting powder. It is then formulated as pellets which were seal coated by HPMC 5 cps. Further this seal coated pellets were enteric coated by using Eudragit L 30 D 55 (ammonio methacrylate copolymer dispersion), talc, triethyl citrate, titanium dioxide and purified water with the use of silversten stirrer (UK). The prepared formulations were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimeter, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Dissolution profile of the enteric coated pellets was compared with its recrystallized sample and pure sample. The samples were stored in stability chamber to investigate their physical stability. In stability test, the release profile of the pellets was almost unchanged as compared with the freshly prepared pellets stored at 40 0C and 75% relative humidity for 90 days. Hence these pellets can be formulated for giving Duloxetine hydrochloride as a delayed released formulation.