Social Studies

The main objective of this study is to ensure the tourists are served by professional tour guides who can meet their satisfactions’ and eventually improve the tour guides livelihood as well as tourism industry growth. Open-ended level of education and lack of barrier to guiding carrier might have affected the performance of tour guides in Lushoto District Tanzania for long time. The post-training evaluation has revealed that 13 (66%) of the respondents have noted increase in number of visitors in their organization after training. This has been justified by 10 (50%) of the respondents who claimed to note income increase than a year before which has boosted tour guides livelihood. The findings have shown tour guides have changed in behaviour and the way they think and act, which helped them to avoid committing mistakes which they were doing before the training. And 18 (90%) of the respondents justified that by being able to list some of the do and don’ts which proves how serious they are on the ethics matters. Indeed, the training has brought the tour guides together through the formed Usambara Local Tour Guides Association (ULTGA) and will be able to get government ID cards first and finally be given license after attending two months training. A good number of respondents 13 (67%) admit to abide on tour guides ethics and 15 (75%) of respondents are using marketing techniques to attract tourists in their organizations than before. Tour guides have shown enthusiasm to become professional guides.

Education is one of very important component of development. Progress of any country principally reflects with literacy level of the population. The Government of India has assigned high priority to the education sector not only to achieve the Univerlisation of Elementary Education by 2010 but also to improve the quality of education at all levels. Some of the initiatives such as District Primary Education Programme (1994), the Mid Day Meal Scheme (1995) and the Sarva Siksha Abhiyan (2001) have led some positive impact in elementary education, specifically in rural areas. But most of the work or research carried out for primary school education and educationist or researchers concentrated on primary education only. Therefore it is an attempt a look out to the development of upper primary school education in India.

Adverse birth outcomes, comprising low birth weight, maternal mortality, infant mortality, premature births, and stillbirth continue to pose a serious challenge in Kenya. Although a number of factors influencing adverse birth outcomes have been documented, not much is known on the factors contributing to adverse birth outcomes in Kibra. The main objective of this study was to assess the factors influencing adverse birth outcomes in Kibra. The specific objectives were: to identify the socio-demographic; obstetric emergencies that contribute to adverse birth outcomes; and to determine the health facility factors that contribute to women’s vulnerability to adverse birth outcomes. The study used a cross sectional research design and targeted women of reproductive age (15-49). Purposive sampling was used to select the study site and simple random sampling was used to select the 384 study participants in households. Data from the households was collected using questionnaires. Key informant interviews on health facility in-charges was used to provide additional information. Data was presented using tables, graphs and cross tabulations. Chi-Square and logistic regression was used to assess the statistical association between variables. Findings showed that casual laborer’s had significant association with adverse birth outcomes (still births) [OR= .159, 95% CI (.031, .816), p<0.05] (Pre-term births) [OR= 2.789, 95% CI (1.37, 5.67), p<0.05. Self-employment had significant association with adverse birth outcomes (still births) [OR=.169, 95% CI (.031, .929), p<0.05], (Pre-term births) [OR= 2.163, 95% CI (1.11, 4.22), p<0.05]. Respondents without education were associated with high adverse birth outcomes [pre-term births] [OR=.235, 95% CI (.069, .831), p= 0.021]. The respondents who had miscarriage in previous pregnancies were more likely to experience adverse birth outcomes [Preterm births] [OR=3.89, 95% CI (2.06, 7.39) p=0.000] still births [OR=2.09, 95% CI (1.44, 5.84) p=0.000], low birth weight [OR=3.24, 95% CI (1.74, 6.05) p=0.000] and neonatal death [OR=3.39, 95% CI (1.63, 7.03) p=0.000]. Respondents who attended the public health facility had higher risk of experiencing adverse birth outcomes [Still births] [OR= 3.500, 95%CI (1.24, 9.86), p-value =0.018]. Findings from the study will be used to inform local interventions to reduce adverse birth outcomes.

The completion of school education has positive health consequences. Early termination of education can lead to poorer health, shorter lifespans, which places additional stress on the health care system. In Canada, improving overall high school graduation rates has been discussed at the levels of the District School Board and the Ministry of Education, however, it is relatively understudied, with a dearth of research on increased graduation and its bearing on public health. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the perceptions of liaison public health nurses in the Toronto, Ontario District School Board, regarding their roles in influencing students to complete high school. Reinforced by the underlying Bronfenbrenner ecological model, the study involved the analysis of primary data and theoretical propositions. Purposive sampling served to select 10 public health nurses who were interviewed regarding their role and involvement in high schools. Using a process of constant comparison and thematic analysis, the data was subjected to triangulation to increase understanding of the phenomenon. Broadly, the findings from this study indicated that liaison public health nurses believe that high school dropout is a public health issue and that collaboration between the Ministry of Education and Public Health is needed to address the issue. Further research is recommended to explore the connection between health and school achievements and the expanded role of public health nurses in Canadian high schools. The positive social change implication that may be expected with the application the findings of this study, includes highlighting the issue of high school dropout rate as a public health concern in Canadian schools in areas of lower socioeconomic status. The imperative to use additional research and resources may yield dividends for the Toronto Public Health, in improving graduation rates among their core mandates.

A study on the influence of the weed effect on the biomass production of six Brachiaria ecotypes, namely Brachiaria decumbens cv Bazilisk; Brachiaria mulato; Brachiaria brizantha cv Xaraes; Brachiaria ruziziensis; Brachiaria brizantha cv Nioka and Brachiaria brizantha cv Piata at Nioka, was carried out to observe their productivity and identify those with an interesting resilience to the above-mentioned factor.The experimental set-up was that of randomized complete blocks comprising six treatments (six ecotypes mentioned above) and repeated three times. All six Brachiaria ecotypes were subjected to the weed factor. The following parameters were measured: recovery rate and speed, tillering, biomass.The results of the investigations showed that the highest biomass before and after weed invasion was obtained only by B. ruziziensis

The current study presents the phenomenon of marginal and delinquency and helping of social services. The study shows that there is a relation between marginal and social delinquency and crimes. At the end, practical guidelines of social servers have been presented regarding to local development for eliminating the problems due to marginal and reduction of social delinquency and crimes.

This article draws connections between the non-fiction form of Documentary Theatre and participatory action research. It describes the fundamentals of Popular Education as being the roots of Documentary Theatre and shares the goals of this type of work. One particular new play, Dream Hope Wish Desire, developed at the American University in Cairo documents the hopes of the people of Egypt is offered as an example of the process of creating a collaborative new Documentary Theatre play. The article explains how the collaborative playwriting process is similar to research data collection, analysis and sharing.

This study analyses the effect of media exposure and perceived bias on performance rating of the Modi government that was elected in 2014 in India. A sample of Coimbatoreans (N = 210) was chosen for the survey. Results showed that media exposure had a positive and direct effect on performance rating, while bias had a significant but negative effect. Such perceived media bias also had an ability to alter the political affiliation of the people, which in turn affected the performance rating, positively. Political participation of the people also exerted a direct effect on public perception about media bias towards the ruling Modi government.

Leadership plays a crucial role in the management of international airlines' alliance ground staff operations environment. Leadership that is transformational and proactive can serve to optimize the talents of a diverse and inclusive workforce and have the potential to affect an organization positively. This qualitative study was reinforced with the lens of the transformational leadership theory, as the purpose of this single case study was to explore the role of leadership in a U.S.-based international airline alliance, and their approach to leading ground staff operations, successfully. Managing a diverse workforce is often a challenge, as the aim is to ensure desired and optimal organizational effectiveness and performance, on which organizational sustainability and profitability hinges. The study entailed the collection of data using semistructured interviews in computer-mediated conferencing format with five airline alliance leaders located in the state of Georgia, who held at least 2 years of successful experience in leading a diverse workforce. The analysis using a process of constant comparison and thematic analysis yielded the principal theme of the importance of the proactiveness of leadership, in leveraging a diverse workforce, under the aegis of strategic human resources management, and leadership. A key recommendation is for airline alliance leaders to display astute transformational skills and align diversity, equity, and inclusion policies as a critical corporate human resources strategy. Optimizing employee performance is vital in gaining a competitive advantage in a field where service quality is a key differentiating factor in being superior among equals.

To contribute to the resolution of the problem relating to the growth of plantain (Musa spp.), the growth parameter of plantain was evaluated under Kindu conditions using the Fertilizers (Control, Sawdust and rice husks) as substrate. The experiment was conducted in the experimental device installed in the concession of the University of Kindu, department of phytotechnics comprising 6 treatments, corresponding to ten repetitions for each treatment. The observations made during this investigation focused mainly on the diameter at the collar (cm), Height of the pseudostem (m) and the leaf area).The results obtained showed that:The height of the pseudostem, the diameter at the collar and the leaf area varied from one cultivar to another and according to the fertilizers used; - Sawdust was the best fertilizer, compared to rice husks and controls; - the Mbonjilo C4 cultivar is the tallest cultivar, from the point of view of the collar diameter it is the Mbudi 1 cultivar, on the other hand from the leaf area point of view it is the Mbonjilo cultivar which has the most open leaves.