Sustainable Architecture

The design of existing cycle rickshaw has hardly changed significantly even since it was introduced in India in early 1940’s from Far East. The gearing and the mechanical advantage of the pedal is very poor. Hence the rickshaw puller has to work hard while climbing even a slight slope. A common sight is of the rickshaw puller getting down and pulling on the foot the rickshaw with the passengers. The conventional drive mechanism of tricycle is provided with one set of sprocket, which gives speed ratio of two between input and output. This speed ratio is fixed for all loading conditions. More effort is required to the puller in starting from the rest or going up. The work done by the various researchers has been studied and improved methodology has been suggested by the authors in future work.

Today, the existence of natural elements such as sky, mountain, jungles, coastal area, untouched natural zones, water, and deserts have brought many meaningful ideas to the minds of the urban designers and city dwellers. The importance of these elements lies in the fact that they are free from tension, busyness and mental pressure, which are the gifts of civilization to human being. Dez River can be a potential tourism attractor to entertain people and can decrease the stress of living in a city. It, also, can have a beautiful view and boost the quality of life. This study aims to recognize the river significance in urban structure and its role in identifying the sustainable landscape and urban ecological corridor, which surrounds the city. It also attempts to present the principles which should be considered in planning the riverbank wall, by examining this wall near Dez River. By investigating urban structure and river role in forming and developing the future view of the city, the river boundaries, as the urban green belt and respiratory corridor, are determined. Therefore, after presenting some definitions related to the subject of the study, we discussed the sustainable design and its factors for river wall. Also, by introducing such factors, we suggested some approaches to treat Dez River and to achieve an organic and expandable structure in order to build the green corridor on the riverbank and to turn the corridor into a dynamic and live center for the city.

Place attachment is one consequence of ‘human interacting with place’ that creates a meaningful and acceptable space for the person experiencing it. Living separated from their families and losing parts of social capital causes a sense of loneliness and lack of attachment to the new environment of dormitory among students. In this analytical-descriptive research social factors influential on place attachment have been conducted. The results show that there is a significant relation between social factors and place attachment. Personal territory, facilitated social interactions, private space and security in the stated order are the main social factors impactful on creating place attachment.

In the present day electricity consumption in indoor and outdoor lighting systems has continuously increased. Daylight as a primary source of illumination may be used as a sustainable development concept as the day lit area has very promising energy-saving opportunities. A Day lighting system is comprised of daylight apertures such as windows and skylights and different shading devices to control direct sunlight and glare.For getting the maximum benefit of daylight and to avoid obstructions, proper planning and layout of buildings is necessary. Artificial lighting may have to be provided when the level of illumination falls below the recommended value. Specifically, methods developed by the Indian standards have been used by Architects for years. The result is distributed in qualitative form for different distance from the location of windows. However in day lighting calculation it is very unsure to calculate that, whether a percentage of certain daylight factors are considered to be properly lighted, dark or dull? Traditionally there is a method to define a threshold over which an average daylight factor is considered a member of the bright set and under which it is not. Fuzzy Logic allows one to speak of a certain percentage of daylight factors is both a member of the bright set and the medium set, and possibly even the dark set. This paper addresses the Application of Fuzzy Logic in Interior Daylight Evaluation to control direct sunlight and glare. Besides, the design principles and strategies to obtain a window dimension for a given daylight factor has been discussed. For functional influence of the Building in warm humid climate of Coastal Odessa (Average latitude 210 North), a literature review about day lighting availability has been done. Then, the experimental set up has been described. For sufficient day lighting the calculation of solar radiation and position of windows have been worked out and graphically represented with classic and fuzzy models. Other possible design applications are suggested.

Utilization of Smart Systems is considered as a matter of significance in the world current construction industry. The study is to take the issue into analysis in Iran, as a developing country through answering the following questions: What are the main challenges regarding the usage of Smart Materials and Structures in Iranian Contemporary Architecture? And how can we describe a new horizon for the usage of Smart Systems in Iranian Contemporary Architecture? The research is based on the survey method, adopting the case-study and combined strategies along with the descriptive-analytic and comparative-analytic tactics. The study shows that the use of technology and especially New Technologies like Smart Materials and Structure has been sufficed to the buildings appearance aspects and there is no serious effort to improve the buildings qualitative features through the real technological potentials. The serious pragmatic attention to New Technologies capacities in both the theoretical and practical areas or the architectural education and profession is considered as the efficient solution for the discussed problem.

In thisarticle, The effects of migration on marginalization dimensions with an approach of sustainable development have been investigated. For this purpose, by reviewing the theoretical and empiricalliterature of migration andsustainable urban development andthe impacts ofmigration on creating marginalization and its relationship with mothercity and its suburbs,in order tounderstandandrecognizethemigrationandurban sustainability, by reviewing the quantitative and qualitativeindicators, (economic, social, environmental) factorshave beenexamined. The research is descriptive, analytical and inferential. Alsoqualitative and quantitativeindicatorshave been reviewed.