Social Studies

The purpose of this study was to establish the contribution of tourism to the host community’s human capital assets. This study employed qualitative approach by the use of exploratory research design. The target population for this study included the host community, tourism investors, camp managers, Narok County tourism officers and area chief of Mara Naboisho Conservancy. Both purposive and snowball sampling methods were used to select the respondents and information. The study utilized both primary and secondary sources of information. Primary sources included interviews, observations and Focus group discussions. The findings from the study revealed that Tourism in Mara Naboisho has contributed a lot towards job opportunities, entrepreneurial skills and income generation to the host community. It was also found out that tourism contribute significantly to human capital assets to the community in terms of employment creation as well as market for the products and services. This study also recommended that the local community should be empowered to collaborate with the Mara Naboisho Conservancy authorities to set up a location whereby the tourist on their way to the park can make a stopover and have a look at the display of their souvenir and purchase them. The Mara Naboisho Conservancy authorities should support the local community through funding in order to improve the community-based projects and also improve the local sport activities. The study findings are anticipated to provide an insight that will be used by the stakeholders to improve the livelihoods of the community who are directly involved with tourism in Narok County.

The basic purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of terrorism on Karachi stock exchange in Pakistan. Terrorism attacks throughout the world have disrupted the flow of nation and stock prices. Karachi stock exchange used as dependent variable and terrorism, foreign direct investment, gross domestic product, inflation, money supply and industrial production as independent variables. The secondary data used form the sources of Karachi stock exchange, world development indicators and Asia terrorism portal. The time period of data collection (2003-2014) .The data was analyzed by using correlation, descriptive statistics and regression techniques run on E-views. The research findings show that terrorism has negative impact on Karachi stock exchange of Pakistan. When terrorism occurred than foreign direct investment, gross domestic product, and inflation has insignificant and negative relationship with Karachi stock exchange (KSE). This study examines only banks impact/effect of terrorism on Karachi stock exchange in Pakistan by taking twelve years data. The further research can be conduct by taking different segment, more year data and other countries. This study envisions the on the whole impact of terrorist actions, not just a single activity, on the health but also effect all over the factors of the economy. For studying this impact, a Terrorism scale has been developed for this study, based on the impact of every terrorist activity in the country.

The exponential increase in social media usage by consumers necessitates its use in marketing and is considered an imperative for businesses to increase consumer engagement as an additional communication channel to market. The barrier to this engagement may be when social media marketing (SMM) strategies are wanting in the adeptness to engage consumers, which can constrain small business managers (SBMs) successes in competing and increasing sales. SBMs and business owners who fail to reach, and engage consumers, may limit opportunities to increase sales, and lower competitiveness in their sphere of operations, and are at a higher risk of failure. Underpinned by the theory of diffusion of innovation (DOI), the purpose of this qualitative exploratory multiple case study was to explore the strategies that SBMs use to develop and effectively implement SMM strategies, in the quest for greater existing and prospective customer engagement. The sample drawn from the study population of business owners included six business managers of six serving successful small businesses in Maryland who used social media marketing strategies successfully for five years, in the efforts are marketing to the customer. Semi-structured interviews serve to collect qualitative data, supplemented with a perusal of financial and other documents of industry and company respectively. A thematic analysis of the data in tandem with the lens of the DOI was instrumental in identifying the major theme of content design and engineering. SBMs could find value from this study findings as may increase knowledge of the SMM strategies that are most beneficial in developing consumer favored SMM content, selecting appropriate social media platforms, and developing effective customer reach and engagement strategies. The potential for business leaders to increase business success also holds beneficial ramifications for increased social and community welfare and prosperity.

The main objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between Isfahan University male and female graduates’ unemployment with their emotional/mental health. The population of the study includes all the BA graduates from Isfahan University of whom 100 have been randomly selected. Of the sample population twenty five female and twenty five male graduates who had enrolled in the Department of Labor and Social Affairs in Isfahan and twenty five working male graduates and twenty five female ones were randomly selected that comprised the other fifty individuals of the sample. The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) specifically touching upon the mental and emotional traits and characteristics of people was used to collect the data and the findings of the research having been analyzed indicated that there is a significant difference between the emotional/mental health level of the employed graduates and that of the unemployed ones and between the emotional/mental health levels of female and male ones.

Colds are characterized as minor infections instigated by over 200 distinct viral strains. Rhinovirus is the most common cause for the flu which leads to congestion or stuffy nose. Medical wipes offer prompt symptom alleviation, best employed at the onset of cold symptoms for temporary relief. People with thyroid issue or high blood pressure should not take decongestants, the wipes help them to get rid from congestion or stuffy nose. The development of medical wipes for cold relief is a significant advancement in medicine and healthcare. A natural fiber extracted from the plant which is known for its various medicinal properties like antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antipyretic, insecticidal, analgesic, cytotoxicity, and hepatoprotective, purgative. These fibers are strong, lightweight, and highly absorbent, making them ideal for medical textile wipes. The wipes are designed to be used as a cold relief treatment and are infused with extract like eucalyptus globulus, chrysopogon zizanioides (vetiver), vitex negundo (nochi), coleusamboinicus (karpooravalli), ocimum tenuiflorum (Tulsi), Mentha spicata (pudina) to provide anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effects. These herbs have natural properties that can help relieve cold and flu symptoms. To extract the herbs, we can use various methods such as steam distillation, solvent extraction, or cold pressing. Once herbal extract is extracted, you can add it to the wipes to provide relief from cold and flu symptoms. This wipes are also designed to be biodegradable and compostable, making them more eco-friendly. The development of medical textile wipes with natural fiber is a promising advancement in medicine and healthcare which can be also used by children and can provide cold relief with minimal environmental impact.

One of the main concerns of economists and economic policymakers is predicting future values of economic variables. One of these variables is stock index that, according to the importance of financial markets in economic development and also attractiveness of investing in this market could have many costumers. Therefore, in this study, with the daily data of years 2006 to 2012 the total index of Tehran Stock Exchange (TIPEX) using artificial neural networks (ANN), auto regressive moving average (ARIMA), and models accuracy comparison have been predicted. Results suggest that, there is no significant difference between the accuracy of neural networks models and moving auto regressive average.

The British colonial administration used the divide and rule system, thereby making sure that no part of Nigeria is seen as an integral part of the other. The indirect rule system worked only in Northern Nigeria, while protests characterized the system in the Eastern and Western parts of Nigeria. Indeed the warrant chiefs who became symbols of authority in Eastern Nigeria maintained stability in the country before Independence. Another feature, which characterized this period, was regionalism. This was the system in practice during the First Republic. It was based on the ability of each Region for compete autonomously for economic sustenance, but in reality, this was not feasible. Therefore, in 1966, the military overthrew the first democratically elected government of Sir Abubakar Tafawa Belewa. Thus, between General Aguiyi Ironsi and General Abdusalam Abubakar, the Military stayed in power for abut thirty-three years. This period was characterized by massive underdevelopment and human rights abuses. This paper therefore reviews this era of military interventions and their consequences to the Nigeria social and political climate.

The present dissection shows that there are some positive points contained in the legal texts on the election of governors and vice-governors of province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo) in force since 2006. This is the case, including the strict limitation of the duration and the number of mandates of the elected governors. It is mentioned thereafter, and unfortunately, in the Congolese regulation on the election of this category of authorities, a series of the resulting problems formula to remove or improve. In the number of these, one can insert those with the size of the election colleges, the adopted electoral system, the application criteria, the obligations and bans around the electoral campaign which binding less candidates and convincing less the national community on the concern to reach free elements, fair and transparent. It is also clearly demonstrated that the provincial provisions leave a wide open aims to the trade of the voices and, on the occurrence of the voting results in inadequate with the expectations of the populations. Legitimacy, political stability and the vision for development from our Provinces thus found destroyed from the start of the third republic instituted in 2006 after a long period of political crises and wars in the country. So, some proposals for the revision of those provisions contained in both the Constitution (Articles 197 paragraph 4 and 198) as in other relevant laws (Election Act: Articles 159, 161, 162 and Law on Free Administration of provinces: Article 23).

Detailed Granulometric and petrographic analysis of the Agbani Sandstone outcrops were carried out within Ihuokpara, Southern Benue Trough, Nigeria. The aim was geared towards deciphering provenance and reconstructing the paleo-environment of deposition. The study area is underlain by Agbani Sandstone and Awgu Shale. They are Coniacian in age. A total of twelve (12) sandstone samples were collected and used for analysis. Out of the twelve sandstone samples, two (2) was deployed for thin section petrographic analysis, while ten (10) was deployed for grain size analysis. The petrographic results from two (2) sandstone samples from different locations reveal dominance in quartz (60% – 65%), feldspar (10%-13%), mica (10%-10%), limonite (15%-8%) with clay matrix and rock fragment less than 3% framework components of the sandstones respectively. These sandstones are mineralogically and texturally sub-mature and have been classified as lithic arkose on the basis of QFR diagram. Quartz in these sandstone samples is monocystalline in nature and feldspars are represented mainly as plagioclase. Provenance of the sandstone deposits within the study area was inferred to be from Abakaliki folded belt or Cameroun Basement Complex, due to the amount of detrital clay and degree of sorting. The textural parameters from the ten (10) samples show that the Agbani Sandstone are moderately to well sorted, medium grained, very negatively skewed and very leptokurtic grains in nature and suggest that the sand was deposited in a fluvial environment.

Several historians of science have tried to undermine experiments conducted before and during the Renaissance period. They tend to suggest that some such experiments were not, strictly speaking, scientific experiments. The historians often reduce them to mere trial and error trifles within the occult hermitic or magical tradition. But this paper takes exception to this sort of historical interpretation of scientific experiments conducted within the Renaissance milieu. A milieu deeply rooted in thoroughgoing humanism. The central claim of this paper is that there is no break between the sorts of laboratory experiments conducted in the Renaissance period and those conducted in the modern and contemporary periods. The basic aim, here, is to analyse the experimental design of Paracelsus and re-interpret it in the light of contemporary experimental design in biomedical researches. As it stands, the Paracelsian experimental design holds a lot of ingenuity behind it and showcases Paracelsus as a true mechanistic/Promethean man of experiment. Rather than see Paracelsus as a mere non-interventionist hermitic/alchemical man of nature, one needs to see him as a model experimentalist of all times whose relevance overreaches procreation demand in Africa. The method adopted here is principally that of textual analysis, tinged with the historiographical approach of reconstruction.