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The topic of market orientation has become popular among scholar in recent years. However, little has done for identifying the antecedents and effective factors which have main role for development and improvement of this concept. Therefore, this research provides insight of antecedents of market orientation by presenting a conceptual model stem from relevant literature. The empirical results indicated that internal marketing is an antecedent for market orientation, job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Moreover, both job satisfaction and organizational commitment has direct positive impact on market orientation. Managerial implications and theoretical applications have been explored for both managers and scholars.

The unwise use of the natural environment due to ignorance and greed of man amongst others has led to the degradation of the environment. An approximately total area of 25.58km2 of Obosi land were surveyed and examined. Based on the morphology and the relief of the surveyed area, three mapping units, MU1-lowland areas, MU11-upland areas and MU111- gullied area were established. Profile pit samples collected from these three mapping units were used to study the impact of land degradation on the physicochemical properties of Obosi land. The findings from the study showed that the texture of the soils varied from sandy loam to loamy sand. The soils reaction (pH) is extremely acidic through moderate acidity to alkaline, ranging from 4.8-8.0. The organic matter content of the soils is very low, 0.32-1.34gkg-1, the nitrogen content and exchangeable acidity of the soils were observed to be low, while exchangeable A13+ was found to be totally absent in all the horizons of profile C except 35-65cm, AB horizon with a record value of 0.2cmlkg-1. The C/N of the soils were observed to vary from 2.14-29.29 with an exceptional high value of 54.06 at profile pit B, horizon AB 35-90cm. The available phosphorous (P) of the soils was observed to be completely absent in profile pit A and B and some horizons of profile pit C and D. In those horizons where values were obtained the recorded value was low and range from 0.94-14.93mgkg-1. Generally the findings from the study revealed that the impact of land degradation was great on the soils of Obosi as the nutrient element studied were below their critical level. The causes of the prevailing land degradation processes in Obosi land were found to include massive de-vegetation of the entire area, industrialization, undulating topography and relief of the area and the high erodibility of the soils.

This study investigated the effects of migration on agricultural productivity in Osun State, with a view to compare the socioeconomic characteristics and farm-level efficiency of migrant and indigenous farmers in the State. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select a total of 360 arable crops farmers. Data were collected of farmers’ socio-economic characteristics, migration indices as well as items of costs and returns to production. Using descriptive statistics, stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) and data envelopment analysis (DEA), the study revealed that there were no significant differences among the socioeconomic characteristics of migrant and indigenous farmers. The result further showed that indigenous farmers were more efficient (SFA-73.40%; DEA-42.6%) than the migrant farmers (SFA-60.20%; DEA-35.8%) and that the observed differences in the level of efficiencies among the two groups were statistically significant (p<0.05). It was concluded that indigenous farmers were more efficient than the migrant farmers in the study area.

The initial step in an infectious disease is often adhered to and colonization of host tissue surfaces. Staphylococcus aureus, which is a major human and animal pathogenic organism, has been shown to bind to several host matrix proteins and plasma proteins, such as fibronectin, fibrinogen, collagen, elastin, laminin, prothrombin, thrombospondin, bone Sialoprotein and vitronectin . For each of these binding functions, a corresponding surface-associated protein has been identified. The existence of an S. aureus extracellular matrix binding protein with broad specificity that is capable of binding several extracellular glycoproteins has also been reported. The role of some of these proteins in the pathogenesis of staphylococcal infections has been shown in animal models. Most S. aureus strains bind to fibronectin and two highly homologous fibronectin binding proteins (FnBPs), and their corresponding genes (fnbA and fnbB) have been identified. Mutants defective in either of the two genes adhered equally well to fibronectin-coated surfaces in vitro, while a double mutant was completely unable to adhere, indicating that both genes are expressed and contribute to fibronectin binding. That’s why we have chosen fibronectin possible target for vaccine design against Staphylococcus aureus. This proposed target protein for vaccine contained four coils and three strands.

Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 0.5 M H₂SO₄ was investigated in the absence and presence of different concentrations of extract of Crossandra infudibuliformis leaves [C.I.L]. Weight loss measurements and electrochemical studies were employed. The results obtained show that the inhibition was found to increase with increasing concentration of the plant extract. The inhibitive actions of plant extract are discussed on the basis of adsorption of stable complex at the mild steel surface. Theoretical fitting of different isotherms were tested to clarify the nature of adsorption. Polarization curves revealed that C.I.L inhibitor acts as mixed type inhibitor and the inhibition efficiency up to 96.40% was obtained.

Nigeria is currently living in a perilous time and has been adjudged to be the worse place to live on the surface of the earth outside of countries currently experiencing wars and natural disasters. The situation is beyond Thomas Hobbes state of Nature and unfortunately, the intelligence and security architecture to cushion the blood-letting is unabated and comatose, especially since the enshrinement of democratic Governance from 1999 till date. This has instigated some scholars and civil organizations to say that Nigeria is a failed or failing state Captives State, hence lacks its corporate existence. This has dove-tailed or predicated on the assumptions that Intelligence and National Security in Nigeria Democratic Governance is not working as evidenced in series of insecurity recorded since 1999 till date. This has instigated this research work; hence the research was guided by three (3) specific objectives such as, to ascertain the Nature and Extent of Intelligence and National Security Management in Nigeria 1999-2021, to identify and asses how intelligence operations support democratic principles in Nigeria and to proffer strategies on how intelligence can be used in democratic dispensation for robust national Security management. Also three (3) research questions and hypotheses were used to ascertain the said objectives. For its theoretical framework, the study adopted System Theory. Descriptive survey research design method was adopted for the study. A sample size of eight hundred and eighty five was drawn from the population using Taro Yamane and snow-ball sampling techniques. Questionnaire was administered to elicit opinions, attitudes and sentiments on issues asked. Tables, figures, simple percentages were used to analyze and present the data in answering the research questions. The hypotheses formulated in the study were tested using Chi-square (X2) statistical technique. The findings showed that there are diverse range of insecurity incidents and high level of intelligence failure in Nigeria democratic dispensation hence, insecurity pervades the Nation, and that the Intelligence and National Security apparatuses or tactics used is no longer feasible in mitigating the situation and that although democracy does not hinder intelligence operation but has elements of impediment. In all, the study recommends that intelligence should be reformed and re-strategized in line with democratic ethos to pre-empt any external or internal insurgency, terrorism and create a robust National Security Parlance.

As per the positivist economic approach, development is only an economic issue and it excludes the social and cultural aspects of the concept. This is the reason that they have been undermining the significance of human rights friendly definition of IPRs. According to Article 1 of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966 “Self Determination is the right to freely determine Political status and to freely pursue… economic, social & cultural development. ”The western approach concentrates more on progress of science and ignores totally the existence of science. So the study of IPRs without human rights approach is not complete in itself. As the new IP regimes will have wide ranging socio-economic, technological and political impact, so the study of IPRs in human rights context is inevitable. The paper concentrates on this very aspect while highlighting the human right to health and IPR related human rights aspects of indigenous communities including right to culture, self determination, food and subsistence etc.

This article Based on case study in Sanaye Felezi Iran Co. in this research, introduce a model in order to the production balance with the aim of improving for total expected cost. In the first step of research, introduce a linear programming model to determination the number of production in any production department. In the second step, by using the Hungarian allocation technique, the operator was allocated to any work stations. In the third step, introduce a Transportation programming model with the aim of improving for raw materials cost to any production departments. In the fourth step, with the use of ‘technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution’ (TOPSIS), to determination the best transportation route, classifying material transportation routes from warehouses to assembly shop.

Ease of use is one of the main criteria that customers consider when making a purchase decision. In order to provide a pleasant experience to the customers, offering products or services consisting of advanced features and functions is no longer enough, due to the existing competition in the global market. In reality the ease of use of any product is influenced by the conditions of the product and the familiarity of the user. This study examines the influence of the familiarity and the product conditions on the ease of use of a product and the results would be a valuable guidance to the manufacturers in order to identify how the ease of use level of a product deviates from the standard level, when the usage hours of the product would increase.

The object of this work was to study the quality of drinking water from boreholes in selected towns in the Akuapem North District of the Eastern Region of Ghana. In all nineteen (19) boreholes were sampled for trace metals physico-chemical and nutrient analysis. A combination of pH and conductivity meter, potentiometric titration, neutron activation, atomic absorption spectroscopic and ultra violet spectrophotometric techniques were used for the analysis of the water samples. It was observed that about 90% of the samples had pH values below the recommended World Health Organisation (WHO) threshold for drinking water. Analysis of the trace elements revealed that the sampled boreholes have concentration of iron (Fe) in the range (0.09- 3.99mg/l) some of which are above the recommended levels of iron in drinking water. The concentrations of manganese (Mn), aluminium (Al) and Iron are in the range 0.02-1.20mg/l, 10.65-23.12mg/l and 0.09-3.99mg/l respectively.