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As a public communication tool, mass media is the best instrument to achieve radical rights such as free opinion, free expression and free information/communication. Since radical laws are not limitable – except than necessary cases pointed out in international documents (Human Rights Declaration, Article 119; International Convent on Civil and Political Rights, Articles 19 & 20) – there should be justified grounds and principles to control and monitor mass media by penal tools as the most important limiting factor. To this end, it is only damage principle in extensive damages criminalization that leads into lowest criminal law interferences in media field. Other basics including public interest, legal patriarch and legal moralism pave the grounds for government to use such basics in order to interfere in basic rights and also media field.

This paper empirically examines the existence of casual relation between insurance sector development and economic growth in Iran for the period 1960-2010. In this investigation we apply the Augmented Dickey-Fuller Unit Root test, the Johansen’s Cointegration test and the Granger Causality Wald test based on Vector Autoregression (VAR) model. According to the obtained results, there is a unidirectional causality relation from insurance development to economic growth. Therefore, we conclude that insurance development is an important prerequisite for stimulating economic growth in Iran. These results confirm the supply-leading theory.

Rapid population growth is critical especially in developing countries because rapid population growth is often time not matched with the socio-economic demands of the people. For instance prolonged high fertility rate may lead to a relatively high proportion of children and high dependency burden and eventual poverty and other social vices.

The organizational commitment helps business executives effectively implements ethical leadership in organizations. To improve organizational commitment, business executives depend greatly on perceived of leader integrity (PLI). PLI is particularly relevant in architect the ethical leadership structure of organizations in order to ensure employees are modelled with ethical decisions that are critical to the organizations’ sustainability. At the same time, an ethical climate concept proposes a system that guides the ethical comprehension for better commitment towards the organizations. While perceived organizational support (POS) is a support system within the organization that compensate employees in lieu to commitment demonstrated. This study makes a significant contribution by developing a proposed model as a methodological example which can be useful for tracking the degree of PLI, ethical climate and POS on organizational commitment in profit oriented organizations and the non profit oriented organizations.

The FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of 3-hydroxy benzylidyne trifluoride(3HBT) have been recorded in the range of 4000–400 cm-1 and 3500–50 cm-1 respectively. The molecular geometry and vibrational frequencies in the ground state are calculated using the B3LYP method with 6-311+G(d, p) and 6-311++G (d, p) basis sets. The computed values of frequencies are scaled using a suitable scale factor to yield good coherence with the observed values. Most of the modes have wave numbers in the expected range. The calculated HOMO–LUMO energy gap shows that charge transfer occur within the molecule. NBO analysis has been performed in order to elucidate charge transfers or conjugative interaction, the intra-molecule hybridization and delocalization of electron density within the molecule. The total energy distribution (TED) has also been calculated for each mode of the vibration of the molecule. Key words : FTIR, FT Raman, 3HBT, DFT, HOMO-LUMO, NBO.

A "Mobile Ad hoc Network" (MANET) is an independent system where mobile hosts are connected by wireless links without any of the preexisting administration. Each node acts as a host and sometimes as a router to forward packets to other nodes. So Routing protocol plays an important role in MANETs because it is designed with self-motivated topology, mobile host, distributed environment and limited battery power. In previous researches, a lot of routing protocols were developed for MANETs such as CGSR, DSR and ZRP. This paper evaluates these protocols by on their uniqueness, functionalities, pros and cons. This paper also emphasizes on enhancement of different protocol’s performance.

Conceptual graphs (CGs) are a system of logic based on the existential graphs of Charles Sanders Peirce and the semantic networks of artificial intelligence. They express meaning in a form that is logically precise, humanly readable, and computationally tractable. With a direct mapping to language, conceptual graphs serve as an intermediate language for translating computer-oriented formalisms to and from natural languages. With their graphic representation, they serve as a readable, but formal design and specification language. CGs have been implemented in a variety of projects for information retrieval, database design, expert systems, and natural language processing. The rough set philosophy is founded on the assumption that with every object of the universe of discourse we associate some information (data, knowledge). For example if objects are patients suffering from a certain disease symptoms of the disease form information about patients- Objects characterized by the same information are indiscernible similar in view of the available information about them. The indiscernibility relation generated in this way is the mathematical basis of rough set theory.

Wole Soyinka remains unarguably the most published and the most widely read/studied African author. As such, the price he has to pay for the popularity of his works is that various scholars across the globe tend to interpret them from different perspectives with the result that there seems to be no end to fresh insights being given his especially dramatic works some of which date as far back as 1950s. But, as Ogunbiyi (1981) notes, while some of Soyinka’s plays like The Lion and the Jewel make easy reading, others become almost incomprehensible to the majority of either audience or reader. Many studies into this “obscurantism” in Soyinka have been carried on from the linguistic and semiotic points of view. This study adds to the quest to explain away the source of difficulty level in Soyinka’s The Road. The researcher applies the text to Rowland Barthes’ theory in Narratology with the purpose to finding out how the symbolic character contributes to making the understanding of a literary text difficult.

This study aimed at researching and investigating the translation of interjections from English into Persian in drama from a skopos-based view. To carry out this study, ten dramas were chosen. Five out of these ten dramas have not been performed on any stages in Iran, but the remaining five dramas were performed at least once. Twenty most commonly used interjections in current English were elicited from Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary (2009) with their meanings. These interjections were searched in the dramas by the aid of computer softwares (AntConc© And adobe acrobat reader™). Then, the obtained interjections were analyzed through the strategies proposed by Cuenca (2002b). The statistical calculations showed that there is a significant difference between the literal translation and other strategies. This significant difference proved the main hypothesis of the study which was that the most common strategy used for translating interjections by the Persian translators is literal translation. The second hypothesis was proven too in that many interjections used in the Current Persian are the results of interference from English language.

The littoral region is an important interface between land and pelagic zone of water body. Bilavali lake, Indore is a shallow topical lake whose shoreline has dense population of Benthic invertebrate communities. The invertebrates are represented by Oligocheates- Dero dorsalis, Stylaria fossularis, Branchilodrillus semperi, Molluscs- Lymnea acuminata, Bellamya bengalenses, Digoniostoma pulchella, Melanoids tuberculatus, Thira scabra, Gyrallus sp. Pisssidium clakeanum and arthropods – Chironomus sp. Chaoboros sp. Etc. It is suggested that rich diversity of Benthic fauna of this lake is due to availability of food material and favorable environmental conditions and shoreline vegetation. Seasonal fluctuation in animal biomass is related to the physico-chemical factors and organic pollution.