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Modern probability theory studies several processes for which the knowledge of previous outcomes influences predictions for future experiments. When we observe a sequence of chance experiments, all of the past outcomes could influence our predictions for the next experiment. In this work, our aim is to discuss the properties of the Markov Chain model applied to the data set which includes the details on smoking cessation of U.S.A. adults. In this set of data, the selected possible outcomes are, an adult being a non – smoker (A),a smoker who is interested in quitting (B),a smoker who is not interested in quitting (C). All the data was taken from CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly reports 2011 and 2009. Using the information given in the data set, the transition probabilities of matrix P were calculated and they are PAA = 0.951, PBA = 0.062, PCA= 0, PAB= 0, PBB = 0.524, PCB = 0.879, PAC = 0.049, PBC = 0.414, PCC = 0.121. Since column entries of matrix P add up to 1 this is a stochastic matrix (a Transition matrix). Then, the probability vector for this study was obtained and named as X0, X0 = [ 0.794 ; 0.0933; 0.1127]; which explains the probability of non- smokers in 2008 = 0.794, probability of smokers who are interested in quitting 2008 = 0.0933, probability of smokers who are not interested in quitting 2008 = 0.1127. Furthermore, the properties of P were analyzed and regularity was determined and the equilibrium approach was calculated. Using this method smoking behavior of US adults was predicted. Our choice of transition probabilities for each outcome, lead to a regular transition matrix P. Hence, after 92 steps, the system converged to a steady state vector V = [0.4508; 0.3562; 0.1929]. This can be seen after 184 years. Therefore, mandatory actions can be taken to prevent tobacco smoking. All the matrix calculations were implemented by MATLAB software.

The aim of this research is to evaluate the IT Literacy in sport organizations' employees.So370 staff of these organizations were chosen as sample and answered to the researcher made questionnaire of IT Literacy. The opinions of the scope of experts were used in order to determine face and content validity. Confirmative and explorative factor analyses were used in order to determine construct validity. The reliability was determined by Chronbach ?. appropriate descriptive and referential statistics (multi-variate regression, ANOVA, MANOVA) were used. The findings demonstrated that the IT Literacy of sport organizations' employees had a moderate rate. The results of MONOVA demonstrated a significant difference between the subscales of the general Literacy of computer in sport organizations so that the IT Literacy of the sport federation employees was lower than that of the Ministry of Youth and Sport and the Principle Office of Physical Education. Regression analysis also demonstrated that all the subgroups of computer general Literacy were significant predictors for computer Literacy. Finally we should state that IT is considered as one of the most important indices of organizational progress and it should be part of the priorities of sport organizations to provide suitable circumstances in order for the employees to get familiar with it and promote the general IT Literacy.

The purpose of this study was to investigation into the role of the storytelling on Social Skills in preschoolers. The study adopted the quasi-experimental method, and performed the pretest-posttest and follow-up test model without a control group. The sample size included 15 children that were selected by random sampling in three preschooler centers in the Ghasre Shirin city in Iran. we used the teacher form of SSRS (SSRS-T) includes three social skills subscales: Cooperation, Assertion, and Self-Control. .Experimental design for a month, and was performed and lasted for 12 sessions on the experimental group. After a week the Social Skills posttest and after 3 month the follow-up test were administrated on the subjects. The obtained data were analysed using the Descriptive Statistics and T-Test, showed that the difference between pretest, posttest and follow-up test in the experimental group, and creative storytelling as a new intervention , which that was used for the first time in Iran, enhanced social skills and its subscales: (Cooperation, Assertion, and Self-Control). The results showed effectivity and using of storytelling in the developing process social skills, and showed the effect storytelling, remained stable in the three-month follow-up.

In today’s modern and digital world countless milestones have been achieved by the human. Technology has completely enveloped us in some way or the other. Hence if there is not complete dependency but most it is on the use of technology. For example, communicating with someone using a device is technology. Today, there are endless organizations that are maneuvering in recent advancements in technology. Among these the one which concerns us is to secure information or data on the network. Network security is the most functional requirement of any system. So the question arises that how to secure the data on the network from the intruder. There are innumerable intrusion detection techniques to detect the intrusion in the system. This paper deals with some handful of the techniques with which we can secure our data on the network.

Talking about Arabic language invokes mixed feelings in Iranians. On the negative plane, it brings to mind bitter memories of Arab invasion a millennia ago, when they dominated the empire of Persia for three centuries during which radical changes to the language and culture of Persia were engineered. On the positive side, Arabic is the medium of all religious occasions, and enjoys an air of awe, authority, and sacredness to it. This situation makes Arabic unapproachable and innovations and changes to Arabic language policy and its related educational policies difficult, dangerous, and complicated because one easily runs the risk of being accused of hostility, heresy, or conspiracy against a sacred language. It is for this same reason that the major agency responsible for policy planning and implementation about Arabic resides outside of the organizations commonly in charge of language and educational planning; the responsibility lies with the seminary and other religious circles and anyone outside of that circle talking differently about the language, no matter what his professional credentials are, is considered an intruder and is seen with suspicion. In such an ideologically-driven atmosphere, disentangling beliefs from facts proves daunting. As a consequence, despite its prevalence, the quality of Arabic language teaching in Iran remains a mystery, as no serious large-scale study aiming to subject it to empirical investigation has yet been carried out. Aiming at filling this lacuna, we undertook a study in the hope that we may throw some light on of Arabic language teaching (ALT, henceforth). Our study was informed by theories and practices commonly in vogue in teaching other modern languages, particularly English. Collecting data from a survey administered to 53 Arabic teachers, we found that ALT is a different world from ELT in its various dimensions and it clearly fails to meet the standards of modern language teaching orthodoxy. Teachers were found to be lacking the minimum requirements of language teachers such as proficiency, language teaching methodology knowledge base, and the basics of linguistic knowledge needed for a language teacher.

To understand complexation behavior of antibiotics, such streptomycin, tetracycline and oxime with studied oxovanadium coordination to novel ligands by various spectroscopic techniques. The crystal system, lattice parameters, unit cell, particle size and volume have been determined by X-ray powder diffraction data. The geometries of the complexes have been optimized on the basis of molecular modeling. Spectroscopic data indicates deprotonation & coordination of the secondary alcoholic OH and NH₂groups with oxovanadium. Mass spectrum explains the successive degradation of the molecular species in solution and justifies ML complexes. The crystal data: complex I is monoclinic crystal system space group P_21/M, a =14.4998(A),b =5.9531(A),c=4.4909(A),? =90.00°,? =96.29°,? = 90.00° , V = 385.44A³; complex II is tetragonal crystal system, space group P_4/mm, a=12.6313(A),b =12.6313(A),c=6.3494(A)? = 90.00° ?=90.00 °  ?=90.00° V =1013.06 A³. Molecular structures of the complexes have been optimized by MM2 calculations and supported octahedral arrangements in both complexes.

The bio-sorption process concern the mineral response to the bacterium presence, which is essentially interplay between microorganism and the physicochemical properties of the mineral surface. The adhesion of microorganisms to minerals results in alteration of surface chemistry of minerals relevant to beneficiation process due to a consequence of the formation of a biofilm on the surface or bio-catalyzed surface oxidation or reduction products. Low grade of finely disseminated iron ores have become the main sources of raw iron ores in many countries with the depletion of high grade deposits. In this paper, the amenability of utilization of Brevundimonas diminuta isolated and adapted on surfaces of iron and phosphate ores, as flotation reagents for separating the harmful impurities such as phosphorus in the bio-flotation of iron oxide-apatite minerals system is studied. The effect of micro-organism on the surface properties of the two single minerals has been studied through zeta potential and adhesion measurements as well as micro-flotation tests. The effect of pH of the medium on the surface properties and flotation behaviour of each single mineral is determined. Flotation of binary mixtures of haematite-apatite as well as natural iron ore has also been performed at different operating parameters.

An attempt is made to study the family dietary patterns and its association with socio-economic variables among Gond community of Melnadih village, Karra Gram Panchayat, Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh, India. A homogenous population with varied occupational categories was selected by using 24-hour recall method of in-depth interview to obtain information from participants on their intake of foods on the previous day. A sample of 42 household(s) was selected randomly to assess the dietary intake. It is reported that agriculture practicing households have a mean calorie (1645.02 Kcal.) and mean protein (45.40 gms) consumption which is low when compared with wage labor category with a mean calorie of 2286.43 Kcal. and mean protein value of 57.50 gms. and with other services. A consumption unit of 2.9 indicates that ideal family size can avail the minimum requirements of balanced diet and can meet the daily average energy and protein requirements for the Indian population.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the protective effect of Opuntia dillenii (ker-gawl) Haw fruit extract against isoprenaline hydrochloride (ISPH) induced myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. Pretreatment with the fruit extract of Opuntia dillenii at 2.5 and 5.0 ml/kg body weight for 30 days significantly prevented the elevation of serum marker enzymes namely SGOT, SGPT, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), troponin and increased the cardiac enzymatic antioxidant, TBARS and lipid profile levels in myocardial injured rats. The effect was more prominent at 5.0 ml/kg body weight. The study results thus demonstrated the cardioprotective potential of Opuntia dillenii against ISPH-induced myocardial infarction and associated oxidative stress.

The present investigation aims to study and characterize the dyeing performance of cotton fabrics finished with finishing bath formulation containing emulsion lattices based on acrylate monomers, chitosan and polyethylene glycol (PEG) with improvement of dyeing properties with acid and reactive dyes.The finished cotton samples are examined and evaluated through measuring nitrogen content and the Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). Evidences of finishing were obtained by IR from the appearance of CO bands absorbance and the reducing of relative intensity of OH, with respect to cotton. The dyeing performance of the finished cotton fabrics includedng testing of ; dye-ability(k/s), percentage dye fixation , colour parameters(L*,a*,b* and colour difference(?E) and estimated light fastness grades with respect to the different used chitosan concentration in the finishing bath formulation.The work involved also studying the effect of different dyeing times on all of the last stated parameters.The obtained results showed that dye-uptake increased by increasing chitosan concentration in the finishing bath , the applied reactive dye showed the highest percentage increase in both dye-ability and percentage dye fixation .In addition the estimated light fastness reating values of all of the examined fabrics where these rating grade values increased by increasing both chitosan concentration in the finishing agent and dyeing time .In addition , the applied acid dye recorded the highest light fastness values reaching (4-5) for(3gm) chitosan after one hour dyeing compared to a rating value of (3)for blank fabrics assessed on standard gray scale.