Social Studies

This study investigated the tactics used to curtail women participation in national elective leadership positions among the Abagusii of Western Kenya. Data for this study was collected from 15 Gusii women who were purposively selected because of their participation in the 2013 and 2017 national elections as contestants. The study found that women were unable to win any national elective seats which they competed with men. Their failure was attributed to the tactics male contestants used against them. These tactics were mostly based on moralistic codes of gender and sexuality. This study argues that policies that aim at enhancing women participation in elective leadership positions must first address the social construction of women sexuality in each community.

Patriarchal Societies like the Igbos of south East Nigeria is characteristed by unequal positioning of male and female off springs to inheritance. The males are regarded as heirs and apparent successors to economic and social powers, the right of females in this regard has been relegated to the background. The condition follows that economic situation or poverty level of a male child could be changed for better through inheritance. The basic assumption behind this discourse then is that the inheritance rights and access to property rules among the Igbos further deepens the already poverty situation of women in the society. It is against this background that this paper focuses on examining the interface between the inheritance rights and poverty situation among women in Igboland. This paper however substantiates that with the continued practice of the customary inheritance Igbo in society. The paper proffers suggestions on possible ways to improve the lives of the women through integration of the English and Customary laws as they relate to inheritance.

Teacher education level and teacher experience, are two main attributes of teacher, however gender and age also plays a significant role in teaching. The study analyzed the relationship between teacher characteristics and the choice of pedagogy adopted when teaching Christian Religious Education. The study employed quantitative method and cross sectional research design. 357 participants were sampled using Krejcie and Morgan table. Data was collected using questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The findings indicated that teachers’ level of education, age, teaching experience and status as an examiner has significant relationship with the choice of pedagogical approach adopted by CRE teachers. In all cases, p-values are greater than the level of significance of 0.05

The compound term ‘Street children’ refers to a group of children with special age groups who are passing through their adolescence having identity crisis and strongly feeling need for support and help. These children are de facto those who walk on the shoulders of the streets to earn some money for their families. Their contact with their families varies from a daily visit to a few times a year; however, they feel a sense of belonging to them [families]. In the present study, the researcher has tried to investigate the motives/reasons that account for the coming-into-existence and development of the street children who take up jobs that never conform to the norms of the society and he has also strived to scrutinize the different aspects of young age employment.

We all know that a certain story may be told differently by various people. It is interesting to know whether a person’s social characteristics and career have any possible effect on the way they tell a story. Therefore, the main aim of the present research study is to investigate whether there is any correlation between the social class of different people and the way they tell a story. To this aim, 15 people with different social classes, 5 janitors, 5 teachers and 5 doctors of medicine, were selected randomly. They were all from Rasht and asked to describe one terrible story of their lives. Then by using Labov and Waletzky’s story component, the gathered data were analyzed. The results indicated that there is no significant correlation between the social class of the participants and the way they tell a story. In other words, according to the gathered data, no fixed pattern was found for the way different people who belong to a specific social class tell a story.

The study was an examination of the Amnesty Programme proclaimed for militant in the Niger-Delta by the President Umaru Musa Yar’Adua’s administration in 2009, within the context of the role of the Nigerian State in the management and resolution of the conflicts. This was against the backdrop of the protracted conflicts that engulfed the region. At the peak of the conflicts, there were frequent attacks and vandalizations of oil and gas pipelines and installations, of and the rampant abductions of expatriates by militant groups spread over five hundred camps in the creeks of the Niger-Delta. The total population for the area studied was 31, 224,577. Major findings of the study revealed that the Amnesty Programmeproclaimed for militants in the Niger-Delta was to stop the carnage perpetrated by the militants and usher in peace, progress and development in the region. This no doubt entrenched durable peace in the Nigeria-Delta Region of Nigeria.Thus the paper clearly elucidates on the importance of the amnesty programme as a very vital instrument of sustainable peacebuilding, and emphasizes o the need for holistic reforms that address despoliation,pauperization and colossal underdevelopment of Niger Delta region, which were the raison d’etre for the crisis. The paper further made some laudable recommendations towards an all- inclusive amnesty programme which will usher in sustainable peace, security, infrastructure, high human capital and enduring sustainable development to the region.

Childbirth interventions are still common in the basic maternity units of the city of Kindu in the Democratic Republic of Congo. This increasing medicalization of the delivery process tends to diminish the woman's own ability to give birth and to produce negative effects on her health and her delivery experience. The objective of this study was to determine the rate of childbirth interventions in basic maternity hospitals in the city of Kindu and the factors that influence them. This was a descriptive cross-sectional survey of 3004 women registered in all the basic maternity hospitals in the city of Kindu during the year 2019.Information related to age, level of education, occupation or profession, parity, interventions performed at delivery as well as factors related to health care providers were collected from the documentary analysis of the records of the deliveries. The data collected were encoded on Excel sheets and exported to STATA 13 software. The overall rate of delivery interventions in the basic maternity units of the city of Kindu in 2019 was 70.57%. Factors determining delivery interventions were: provider education (p = 0.000), provider education (p = 0.000), and emergency obstetric and neonatal care training (p = 0.000). Delivery interventions are a serious reproductive and perinatal health problem in the basic maternity units of the city of Kindu.This study suggests the need to implement strategies that can reduce the extent of these unhelpful and even dangerous interventions during labor and delivery, including the establishment of a protocol for the reduction of delivery interventions for midwives, the popularization of the World Health Organization's recommendations on intrapartum care for a positive delivery experience, and the sensitization of all health care providers on the observance of evidence-based medicine.

This paper tries to view monetary policy and national economy. Economic growth is simple defined as a positive quantitative increase in the country output of goods and services (Onwukwe 2003). Produced in a country within a specified period of time. Monetary policy is of importance to every developing nation. Every economy strives to achieve sustainable economic growth and development-explained in terms of positive sustainable increase in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) using the OLS Regression Analysis It was observed that the money supply (m2) contributed positively to the growth of the economy while nominal exchange rate and inflation have a negative impact on GDP which implies that inflation is a constrain to Exchange rate being negative implies that high rate of depression of naira is affecting production capacity especially as most production inputs are being imported and as such the paper recommends amongst others that a Persistent rise in general price level of goods and services must be controlled by the government in order to fight against inflation. This will boost the growth of the economy.

The fish subsector is considered one of the most important sectors in many Arab countries and due to the challenges facing the sector, this research aimed at investigating the inter-trade and the economic indicators in the Arab countries. Data from the Arab Organization for Agricultural Development was computed to estimate the relative importance, coverage rate, trade exchange rate, exports share, commodity concentration coefficient, economic exposure and propensity to import and export. The comparative advantage is shown to be high only in Yemen and Mauritania based on the locations on coasts. Egypt has shown a good have high comparative advantages while Egypt has shown a higher production from aquacultures than all the rest of the countries. In general, Mauritania, Bahrain, Oman and Morocco have shown higher marginal propensity to export and other export-related indicators. Meanwhile, Bahrain, Kuwait and UAE have shown tendency to import. A great potential for economic integration between the Arab countries have been determined and it’s highly recommended that the Arab Organization for Agricultural Development develop and lead a strategy for fish value chain improvement and integration.

For many decades conflict resolution between Turkana and Pokot communities in Northern Kenya has been very elusive. Understanding the local politics and their influence towards continuous cross border conflicts informs this study. The study examined major political factor influencing cross border conflict between Turkana and Pokot with the aim of determining the extent to which local politics influence conflict and potential interventions for durable conflict resolution. Cross border conflict has been evolving taking many forms currently manifested through regular cattle raids, highway banditry, and conflict over resources such as land, pasture and water. The study was conducted in two divisions; Kainuk in Turkana County and Sigor in West Pokot County. Data collection instruments used was questionnaires and focus group discussions. Data analysis was done with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences tool. Correlation and regression techniques were used in data analysis and based on the results of the data analysis, the study findings show that local politics influence conflict at the cross border. Respondents pointed out to local leaders’ interference with peace building by incitements, disregard of the traditional governance systems, and lack of local communities to participate in development activities and implementation thus cross border conflict. The study concludes that tribal politics and unethical politician and entrepreneur are the main influencers of cross border conflict in Northern Kenya. Bad politics affects growth and development thus the study recommends that the Government should enforce laws that prohibit tribal politics and local politicians from interfering in peace building efforts.