Psychology

The study examined the moderating role of child personality factors in the relation between mothers’ parenting style and child maltreatment in a sample of 330 children aged 7-10 years in Kenya. We found out that mother’s parenting style was a predictor of child maltreatment ?=.25, (p=.01). Mothers who are highly demanding and controlling were more likely to maltreat their children. Extraversion personality factor moderated this relation ?=.29 (p=.04).Thus, children who scored high in extraversion were at a greater risk of child maltreatment by mothers who are highly demanding and controlling. The study highlights the need to train Kenyan parents on positive parenting.

The study examined the efficacy of psycho-education in treatment compliance among the schizophrenics using cross sectional survey, before and after design, and in-depth oral interview. A total number of 41 participants (male=25, female=16) with age range between 18-55 years, mean score of 35.12 and standard deviation of 11.29 were drawn from both neuropsychiatric hospital oda road Akure Ondo State and Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital (psychiatric unit) using health seeking behaviour scale developed by Okunade (1987) to explore health seeking behaviour pattern among the schizophrenics the mean score determined participants for intervention which is the psycho-education. The result revealed that psycho-education is a veritable tool in modifying health seeking behaviour pattern and treatment compliance among the schizophrenics.

Teachers elavuate their roles in their school environment by what they feel as they go to work everyday. The ability of workers to adapt to the work environment is often associated with job satisfaction. Job satisfaction is urgently needed to provide comfort in performing tasks that have been entrusted to the teachers. It would be achieved if all requirement are met and it would indirectly increase the motivate the teachers. Nowdays there are few signs which indicate that job satisfaction has occured degradation. The stages of adaptation at the workplace often vary which will result in job dissatisfaction and thus the job performance is affected. Apart from that, findings of several studies has found that the key factors affecting job satisfaction to teachers is the development of motivation, attitude and behavior of an individual and the emotional stress due to workload and their internal problem. Job satisfaction is also closely related to the working-class pressure. The working pressure is always identified as factors leading to low production yield, absenteeism, resignations and poor health of workers. An individual who has high job satisfaction will focus on his career, will be not easily tired, hardworking, highly motivated and will strive to improve work performance. Aspects of job satisfaction is also associated with the psychological aspects inseparable from the concept of motivation. The emphasis on job satisfaction is very important because it will indirectly affect individual performance and contribution to the organization. Someone who do not get job satisfaction will be tempted to neglect their duty and does not carry out the mandate that was given to him.

This study explored the impact of resiliency and protective factors in academic achievement among primary school pupils from refugee camps in Dadaab, Kenya. The data was collected from 188 pupils (132 males and 56 females) and 22 teachers selected from standard five to eight classes in 22 refugee primary schools. Both school and participants were selected randomly.A questionnaire was used to measure resiliency and the mean mark (MM) of the first term to measure the academic performance of the participants. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. T-test was used to compare male and female participants in resiliency and academic achievement. The ANOVA was used to compare the relationship between resiliency and academic achievement. The results of the study showed that there was significant differences between male and female pupils resiliency and academic achievement. Similarly, there was significant differences between pupils’ resiliency and educational class levels. Further results revealed that most pupils in refugee schools achieved poorly in academics, while most girls dropped out of school due to cultural barriers. Majority of the pupils were ignorant of protective factors to safeguard perceived risks such as family and society related risks. From the findings, it was recommended that different authorities from UNHCR and related humanitarian assistance organizations or counseling services at the schools ought to improve pupils’ psychological resiliency and provide support to help overcome risks and focus on academics with high level of self-efficacy to achieve.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of assertiveness and anger control training on life satisfaction of high school girl students in Bandar Abbas. The study sample consisted of high school girl students in Bandar Abbas schools in the 89-90 school years. Firstly, 235 students were randomly selected in a school, secondly all the students responded to the life satisfaction test with the validity of 0.87. 45 students whose life satisfaction score was one standard deviation below the average (9 or less than 9) were randomly selected and then randomly assigned to the experimental groups 1 and 2 and the control group. Experimental groups received the assertiveness and anger control training for 10 sessions of 90 minutes during 2.5 months and the control group did not receive any training in this period. After training, all three groups responded to life satisfaction test and the results were analyzed by one-way analysis of covariance using spss software. The results showed that assertiveness skills training were effective on students' life satisfaction. Anger control training was effective on students' life satisfaction. There were not a significant difference between two methods of assertiveness and anger control training in terms of effectiveness on life satisfaction of students.

Postgraduate study has been considered as a main life event which can lead to marital discordance. Various adjustments have to be done by the students and their spouse. Hence, the purpose of this study is to investigate marital adjustment among married postgraduate students in two public universities in Malaysia. A random sample of 176 students from two public universities in Malaysia has been selected. The instrument employed is the adjusted Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment and a set of demographic variables. ANOVA 2x3x2 is used to investigate the means differences of marital adjustment according to gender, nationality, and university among the participants. Results indicated significant differences marital adjustment mean scores between gender, three nationalities, and two universities. Implications on family and college counseling are discussed. Finally, direction for future research on marital adjustments among postgraduate is suggested.

Previous studies indicate that career choice has become a problem to secondary school students all over the world, Kenya included. Migori sub-county in Kenya is particularly disadvantaged in terms of career development in comparison with neighboring sub-counties such as Kisii. The purpose of this study was to establish the relationship between self-esteem and career choice behavior among secondary school students in Migori sub-county. Descriptive Survey Design and Correlation Design were used. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Career Decision Scale were used to collect data from students. Test-retest reliability was estimated by Pearson’s r which yielded .82 for Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and .80 for Career Decision Scale. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics that included frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations. Structural Equation Modeling was used to make statistical inference using model fit and regression estimates. The study revealed that the level of self-esteem and career choice behavior was high. However, career choice behavior for males was generally different from that of females. The relationship between self-esteem and career choice behavior was statistically significant (p<.05). It was concluded that self-esteem does influence career choice behavior. The findings are significant to students, career counselors and policy makers to improve students’ career choice by raising their self-esteem. 

Short answer questions (SAQs) are one of the popular accepted means of evaluation in medical education. Importance of understanding approach towards Anatomy is beyond doubt. The level of cognitive domain in SAQ should be addressed recall (60%), understanding (20%) and application (10%) is mentioned in the new curriculum 2012. To observe the SAQs of ‘3-years’ 1st professional undergraduate Anatomy written examinations regarding the addressed level of cognitive domain. Study was conducted at the department of Anatomy, Enam medical College, Savar, Dhaka. Twelve (12) Anatomy written SAQ paper from May 2015 to November 2017 of Dhaka University were collected and grouped according to the addressed level of cognitive domain. (76.48%), (74.03 %) of the SAQs of paper-I and paper-II addressed recall, (23.52%), (25.91%) understanding level respectively. There was no application type of question in both papers. No significance difference was observed in between two papers, but significance difference (p<0.001) was found with the curriculum. Keeping the importance of SAQ in mind as assessment tool, should focus for achieving the proposed level of cognitive domain according to the curriculum.

Teaching is a time – honored process and the teacher is now trying to look for better content presentation skills in the light of recent tendencies to reach theory of teaching through practice in the field of learning. The day of teacher’s exclusive concern with presentation of knowledge on Herbartion lines to form apperceptive mass in the minds of learners has come under careful scrutiny by researchers like J.Piaget, D. Ausuble and Guilford. Now cognitive learning is being understood with greater insight and content presentation has become more thoughtful and technical. The practitioners have gone beyond the organization of concepts in the mind of the learner through presentation techniques. But that is not enough. How the learner moves from his personal concrete experience to reflective observation, abstract conceptualization and active experimentation of it in real life situation is the new constructivist schemata which compels the thoughtful teacher to travel from his ivory tower of presentation teaching to the earth rooted learner’s constructivist approach to learning.

E-learning has become an integral component of modern education system. Thus, in order to make teaching-learning effective and result oriented, various e-learning systems and strategies have been developed. In a modern cyber society like ours, updates of knowledge are on full swing. Continuing education and lifelong/social education has accordingly emerged. As a solution to these new education forms and demands, it is proposed to employ a novel e-learning mode, i.e. web-based self-learning, hybrid or blended learning in the existing educational system of all the modern colleges in Saudi Arabia where the infrastructural and other resources are very much accessible. In this research, the paper is intended to assess the relevance of e-learning programs/courses in the department of preparatory year of Jeddah Community College (JCC). While exploring the need and importance of e-learning resources/tools, the following aspects will also be taken into account: feasibilities, types, availability of e-learning tools/resources, and teacher development etc. English language is the main focus for the simple reason that the electronic resources are developed mostly in English and it is the medium of the instruction/examination apart from being the foundation of speciality programs offered at the college. It has been generally found that the modern learners are not much attracted towards the traditional mode of learning. Instead, they would like to choose a learning mode as a fun (such as gaming) which is without any burden and bindings. In this case, distance learning or blended learning mode will be quite useful. Moreover, young Saudi generation is quite friendly with computers, net and sophisticated mode of communication. Therefore, e-leaning is expected to de-burden the 21stentury Saudi learners as the system is easy to access anywhere and anytime.