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Heat pipe is a device which absorbs heat from hot junction and transfer heat to other junction. If space available is more than straight heat pipes are used but when space availability is problem in electronic circuits or cards bend heat pipes are used. According to investigation it is found that bend heat pipes of angle 90 and 120 degree are most suitable in electronic systems. Experimental analysis of bend copper heat pipes for different orientations which are suitable in electronic circuits mostly are taken for study and effect of bend Angle and heat transfer rate is calculated on a test rig by using methanol as a working fluid . Study is done on bend copper Heat pipe having 8 mm diameter and length 180 mm long and find out most suitable bend heat pipe and maximum heat transfer rate.

Heat pipes are heat transfer devices that enhances large amount of heat which works on the principle of evaporation and condensation of a working fluid. Inspite of wide application of heat pipe in microelectronics cooling system the trend of the chips performance and power utilization has been increased each year and a complete understanding of mechanism has not yet been completed even though it has the ability to operate against gravity and a greater maximum heat transport capability. This paper gives you a detailed literature review about the various parameters that affect the operational characteristics of circular heat pipe. Moreover the thermal resistance and heat transfer capability are affected by the choice of working fluid, the tilt angle, the fill ratio, thermal properties, angle of inclination and heat input.

Gearboxes are widely applied in power transmission lines, so their health monitoring has a great impact in industrial applications. In this study we present fault diagnosis and classification method for intelligence condition monitoring of MF285 final drive. Broken and worn tooth face of ring gear of gearbox as two common faults of gears are studied. The vibration signal was collected by an accelerometer type VMI102 from the experimental setup that was built for this the research. Each class had 150 samples that divided in two parts. 105and 45 samples for training and test data were considered. These signals were processed by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) signal processor for made better decomposition to feed the feature extraction and feature selection method. 30 features were extracted from frequency domain of vibration signals. Stepwise Backward Selection was employed as feature selection technique for select the better features for the best fault detection result and increases the accuracy degree of fault detection and classification. 9 features selected were used as input to Support Vector Machine (SVM) for fault classification. Least Square Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM) was applied for SVM. Results showed that the accuracy for train and test data was about 99.05% and 95.56% that greater than 85% so that’s acceptable. Also results show the ability and high quality of this procedure for planter gearbox health monitoring.

Explosion welding (EXW) is a solid state (solid-phase) process where welding is accomplished by accelerating one of the components at extremely high velocity through the use of chemical explosives. This process is most commonly utilized to clad carbon steel plate with a thin layer of corrosion resistant material (stainless steel, nickel alloy, titanium, or zirconium). Due to the nature of this process, producible geometries are very limited. They must be simple. Typical geometries produced include plates, tubing and tube sheets. Explosion welding or bonding is a solid-state welding process that is used for the metallurgical joining of dissimilar metals. The process uses the forces of controlled detonations to accelerate one metal plate into another creating an atomic bond. Explosion bonding can introduce thin, diffusion inhibiting interlayer such as tantalum and titanium, which allow conventional weld-up installation. In addition, explosive welding is considered a cold-welding process, which allows metals to be joined without losing their pre-bonded properties.

The FTIR and FT-Raman spectra of 5-bromo-o-anisaldehyde (BOA) and 3-fluoro-p-anisaldehyde (FPA)have been recorded in the region 4000-400 cm-1 and 3500-50 cm-1, respectively.The structural and spectroscopic data of the molecule in the ground state were calculated by using density functional theory (DFT) employing B3LYP 6-31+G(d,p) basis set.The geometry of the molecule was fully optimized, vibrational spectra were calculated and fundamental vibration were assigned on the basis of potential energy distribution (TED) of the vibrational modes calculated with scaled quantum mechanical (SQM) method.

Entire world is leading towards development in the phase of globalization. Progressive nations are busy in striving to attain a better wellbeing and achieving more equitable distribution of wealth within and among generations but this development had raised issues like global warming, deforestation, changing weather and exhaustion of natural resources. To endure a sustainable wellbeing and a superior equitable distribution of wealth through time, the political will, social attitude, and well-defined economic goals have to be effectively integrated. Hence framing those practices which would endeavor sustainable economic growth but not at the cost of exhaustion of natural resources and environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to implement green marketing practices for achieving sustainable environment and economic growth. In other words, achieving sustainability is not possible, and will not be successful over the long run unless it takes into account all the relevant factors, including the environment. The area of study is Dal Lake. Dal Lake is a Himalayan urban lake, famous for its pristine beauty which attracts thousands of tourists every year. The Dal Lake is also one of only very few water bodies in the world having permanent human settlements within its confines. It is an important source of livelihood for above 60,000 local people residing in 125 hamlets, 602 houseboats and 272 doongas (smaller boats for ferrying people and goods) though the services like tourism, water sports, fishery, cultivation of vegetables on the ‘floating gardens, providing a variety of products like lotus seeds and rhizomes, vegetables and fruits etc. Dal Lake has historically been the center of Kashmiri civilization and has played a major role in the economy of Kashmir through its attraction of tourists as well as its utilization as a source of food and water. Preservation of world famous Dal Lake hence, is need of period. Thus incorporating green marketing practices with in the vicinity of Dal Lake can function as cradle for its conservation and sustainable environment.

In this study aqueous extract of the leaves of Aerva lanata Linn., Calotropis gigantea Linn. and Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb were screened for the haemolytic activity towards human erythrocytes. The haemolytic activity was performed by modified spectroscopic method at four different concentrations (125, 250, 500, 1000 ?g/ml). The haemolytic activity of the different extracts was found in the following order: C. gigantea > A. lanata : C. gigantea (1 :1) > C. gigantea: E. ganitrus (1 : 1) > A. lanata : C. gigantea : E. ganitrus (1 : 1 : 1) > A. lanata : E. ganitrus (1 : 1) > A. lanata. However, all the extracts alone and in combination with each other exhibited very low haemolytic activity. E. ganitrus did not exhibit any haemolytic activity at any dilution. Hence, they can be considered as safe to human erythrocytes.

This paper examines the usefulness of human resources training and development on organizational efficiency. The need was informed following the fact that many organizations have over the years neglected the important value and usefulness of training and developing their employees and that have continued to affect organizational efficiency, performance and level of productivity. It was revealed that any organization that wants to remain in business, develop and achieve its organizational goals and objectives must not only employ qualified, skilled, professional and experienced staff in junior, middle and corporate management levels of the organization and in every department, but must also equipped the employees through training, re-training and development from time to time as the need arises to keep them abreast in the globalization trend and with the best technique in performing their duties. This is to ensure efficiency, increase performance and high level of productivity for the achievement of the vision/mission statements of the organization.

Ant colony optimization is unique convergence of Swarm Intelligence and Bio-Inspired Artificial Intelligence. Ants are social insects with limited skills that live in colonies able to solve complex problems. The intelligence of the global society arises from self organization mechanisms, based on the indirect communication between individuals through pheromones. The Symmetric Travelling Salesman Problem here presented is a typical case that requires a self organization type of algorithm, in order to cope with the problem dynamics. The simulation results show how the ant colony optimization is able to solve the different possible routing cases. The innovation in this entire proposal (paper) is that an attempt has been made to improve the existing ant colony algorithm and then apply to the problem set. Ant colony optimization (ACO) has been successfully applied to solve combinatorial optimization problems, but it still has some drawbacks such as stagnation behavior, long computational time, and premature convergence. These drawbacks are more evident when the problem size increases. In this paper, I have reported the analysis of using a reduced/lower pheromone trail bound and a dynamic updating rule for the heuristic parameters based on entropy to improve the efficiency of ACO in solving Traveling Salesman Problems (TSPs). TSPs are NP-hard problem. Even though the problem itself is simple, when the number of city is large, the search space will become extremely large and it becomes very difficult to find the optimal solution in a short time. From my simulations, it can be found that the proposed algorithm indeed has superior search performance over traditional ACO algorithms do.

Plant cell culture provides an alternative means for producing secondary metabolites. In this study, experiments were carried out to study the effect of cholesterol as precursor and salicylic acid and sodium nitroprusside as elicitors on the enhancement of diosgenin production in the cell suspension culture of Momordica charantia. Callus was induced from seeds when inoculated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various concentrations and combinations of auxins and cytokinins to initiate cell suspension culture. The maximum diosgenin recovery was estimated in 6 week old callus (7.54 mg/gdw) which was significantly superior then the rest of time treatment and the treatment doses of salicylic acid (0.05 mM) gave highest diosgenin recovery (8.98 mg/gdw) in comparison to Sodium nitroprusside (8.53 mg/gdw) and control (7.61 mg/gdw).